The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate.
Fish sam
ples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam.
The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study.
The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) .
The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD.
The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.
The importance of these scientific research because it is the first
applicated study in Kasab area ,and becomes from the big needing
of materials , which interior in cement industry .So the attention
had directed toward finding alternative locatio
ns for primacy ore
addition to process reconstruction the ancient mine, as a result of
these scientific research we had made a stratigraphical ,geological,
geochemical detailed studies on samples had taken from the Kasab
area, which show that calc rocks, and marl rocks in these area are
duplicated to the standard specifications,which request for
Portland cement industry . where we had definite the new five
reservoirs in the area. From the geochemical analyzes of studded
samples, and geochemical diagram's ,We can say that limestone
samples riches in clay materials need to correct before to use in
cement industry.
It is noticeable lag Syria in the passage of the law system BOT
contracts despite that a lot of countries issued legislation on this type of contract, that's what made it necessary to look at appropriate ways to implement the system contracts BOT, t
o stand on these roads and the possibility of development, divided Search to in the first two sections I set the appropriate way to conclude a contract under which the BOT, and the second oldest in the legal guarantees for the financing of projects, the BOT, a ring in search results and recommendations, which lays the foundation for the application of these contracts.
Changes in precipitation patterns are considered one of most important hazards facing terrestrial ecosystems and water resources worldwide. Monthly rainfall data for six meteorological stations located in the Syrian coastal region were used to study
changes in precipitation characteristics during the period 1960-2010. Trends with mann- Kendall Test, Gamma Distribution and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) were applied to detect changes in seasonal and annual precipitation amount in addition to seasonality. Results showed significant negative trends in annual precipitation in all stations up to 30% in some cases, which could be related to the decrease in spring and winter rainfall amounts that ranged between 38.5% to 50.2% in spring and 14% to 38% in winter. Despite significant decrease in annual precipitation, there were no significant trends in seasonality. These changes in precipitation patterns would pose big challenges to water resources management , agricultural production and forests management.
Drought is one of the most important challenges facing sustainable development in eastern Mediterranean regions, where water resources are already limited and ecosystems are fragile. Sums of weighted standardized monthly precipitation anomalies were
used to assess annual drought intensity, frequency and spatial extent in five climatic stations located in Syrian coastal region during the period 1966-2008.Changes in drought intensity were detected using trends with Mann – Kendall test. Results show that drought occurs with high frequency over all parts of the coastal region(up to 35% in some parts),but with different intensities.Extreme drought can hit all regions in some years as happened in 1972-1973. Moreover drought may strike the same region for three consecutive years (1988-1991). Also the results show an increasing tendency in drought intensityrelated to the decreasein drought index values (between 0.29-0.96). This can have serious ecological and economic consequences and will pose an increasing challenge to agriculture and the management of water resources in this region.
A Laboratory study was conducted during 2010 on the biology of seed beetles: Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculatus and C. analis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on lentil seeds for the first specie and chickpea seeds for the last two species. These beetles
completed 10, 8 and 5 generations respectively when they were active (from March to November for the first and second species and from April to October for the third species ). C. maculatus laid an average of 100.29 ± 18.26 eggs over a period of 11.14 ± 0.64 days, C. chinensis laid 83.29 ± 6.32 eggs over 6.43 ± 0.49 days and C. analis 75.29 ± 9.05 eggs over 6.71 ± 0.70 days. The total development process from egg to adult takes an average of 25.87 ± 3.29, 31.43 ± 5.09 and 35.36 ± 3.49 days respectively for species under the ambient laboratory conditions. There was no difference in the development time between males and females except for C. maculatus, where the male emerged about twelve hours before the female. Sex ratio (male: female) was more in favour of female than male in C. chinensis (1: 1.1) and more in favour of male than female in C. maculatus (1.1: 1), but equal in C. analis (1: 1).
The parasite wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) could be considered the first recorded on C. maculatus in Syria.
A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different vari
eties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.
This research aims to investigate the optimal exchange rate regime
in Syria during the period 1990-2010 in order to know whether the move that took place in 2007 toward more flexible exchange rate regime, through pegging the Syrian pound to the SDR
basket within margin 9%, is an optimal choice.
For that purpose, we study and analyze a number of determinants relating to the economy's structural characteristics and considered in the economic literature to have an important effect on the economic performance, and hence on the choice of the optimal
exchange rate regime.
The International Accounting Standards have gained a wide international approval
where they attempted to unify accounting practices on an international level to help
investors and others in the process of decision- making on a unified basis. Numero
us
studies in Arab countries have proved the importance of adopting and implementing
these standards. Therefore, this research questions the extent of implementing the
International Accounting Standards in two Arab countries: Syria and Lebanon, as
regards to recognition and measurement of tangible fixed assets. This was done
using a questionnaire distributed to two samples of accountants in both countries.
The result that was reached verifies that accountants in both countries do not fully
implement the International Accounting Standard Number 16 (property, plant and
equipment). However, their accounting practice does largely approach this standard
but in different sections. This makes any comparison between the opportunities
available for investors in both countries lacking as it cannot be based upon any
unified grounds. The research also examined the most important points which are
not implemented by accountants in both countries, with regard to this standard.
The study of continental Neogene deposits in Damascus and Kalamoun
areas has led to distinguish two lithological formations: the bottom one is
composed of debris with fine elements in general, dominated by sand and clay,
widespread on its base loc
ally remnants of volcanic basalt flow. The top
formation consist of conglomerate sediments with coarse elements of mixed
sizes and sources.
The study showed that volcanic flow which came from the south as basaltic
flow from Al-Manea Mountain to the south of Damascus, reached the southern
part of Dimas Basin and not far beyond it towards the north.
Also, the study demonstrated that the age of the continental deposits
overlying the volcanic flows belong at their bases to Lower Miocene age, in
comparison with the data of the isotopic analysis of the volcanic rocks
previously recorded in the region.
