The research aimed to identify the level of creative thinking skills (fluency,
flexibility, originality, whole degree) among basic fourth class students in Latakia, in the
light of gender. To achieve this purpose, the researcher used Torrance test
of creative
thinking-vocabulary form (A). The sample consisted of (255) students (125 males and130
females)selected by using random sampling method, from several schools in Latakia, The
results showed weakness in the level of creative thinking among basic fourth class
students. The average of degrees were(the whole degree95.21, fluency 46.85, flexibility
28.27,and originality 20.08), The results also showed that there were no statistically
significant differences in each skill of creative thinking (fluency, originality, and whole
degree) due to gender, but there were statistically significant differences in degree of
flexibility in favor of females. In the light of the findings, the study suggested merging the
skills of creative thinking in curriculum, and teaching these skills independently, fasten
training session to teachers to habituation them on development of creative thinking during
the class teaching, and setting up tests to measure creative thinking skills codified in Syrian
environment, and conducting new researches focusing on creative thinking (from where
measuring and development him) in different school levels, with using other variables.
In this study the urban system of the governorate of Lattakia has been examined
through the applicability of measurements of the equality of spatial distribution patterns of
cities (Demangeon Index and Lorenz curve), and those of Primacy and cities
size
distribution patterns (the Law of Primate city of Mark Jefferson, 1939, the Index of
Primacy of Stewart, and the hierarchical order of city through the Rank-size Rule - George,
K. Zipf, 1949). It has been identified on the size of the imbalance equilibrium in the system
urban cities through Urban Isostastic Index. The results of the study showed a clustered
patterns of the spatial distribution of urban centers according to the value of Demangeon
Index (0.42) and unequal distribution of urban population to the cities (75% of urban
population are distributed on 15% of cities). It showed also a great domination of the
primate city of Latakia on the urban system where the population volume was (6.1) time
bigger than the volume of the next cities according to Primacy Index; a great decrease of
the real value of the next cities comparing with the theoretical value of Law of Primate
City (16.4%) against (67%), and disability to applying the Rank-size Rule.
Housing is considered void that protects the rights of the external factors and provide
him with the necessary requirements, and depending on the quality and the pioneers of
global research in this range, the most important measure of the quality o
f the residential
building is the degree of satisfaction achieved by the building of the user , Since users are
the first to be affected by the decision of the house's design to understand they have the
right to participate in decision-making in the design process.
The research presents a field study on the posts in the design of residential buildings
in the city of Latakia in order to check the impact of user participation on the quality of the
residential building designed by measuring the relationship between the degree of user
participation and the amount of satisfaction from their homes.
The research found that the user has the participation of a major role in raising the
quality of the design of the apartment building in the city of Latakia in line with available
resources.
This study estimated the levels of lead and cadmium in 12 chocolate and cocoa
samples from latakia markets by atomic absorption spectrometry . Most of the samples,
were well known Syrian trademarks.
The results showed that concentration of lead in
samples of dark chocolate ranged
between 0.061 and 0.49 mg\ kg ,and in samples of cocoa between 0,10 and 0,51 mg\ kg,
but it was much less 0.01 - 0. 16 mg\ kg in white chocolate and Imported chocolates.
concentration of cadmium in samples of dark chocolate ranged between 0.01 and 0.24 mg\
kg and in samples of cocoa between 0.03 and 0.231 mg\ kg. but it was also less in white
chocolate and imported chocolates 0.01 - 0.051 mg\ kg.
The results indicated that dark chocolates have higher concentrations of lead and
cadmium than white chocolates and that the levels of lead and cadmium are generally
higher than the common levels in developed countries ,and thus. might be a significant
source of lead and cadmium ingestion, Raw materials should be checked before use for
metal contents in order to decrease the concentrations of these metals in final chocolate
products..
The aim of the research was to clarify the pre-processing steps required for satellite images
before starting to analyze and extract data from them using the ENVI program.
Radiometric and topographic correction applied to the Landsat image 2017, an
d then we
calculated the NDVI index for this image before and after applying pre-processing.
The results showed a difference in the spectral values of the image before and after the
radiometric correction, especially in near infrared band. The reflection values were
recorded in the original image between (40-50) and (300-3500) in the corrected image. The
difference in the reflection values after the topographical correction was also visible on the
near- infrared and infrared bands, especially in the points where shadows of the terrain.
Differences in the values of NDVI for 2017 were observed before and after the application
of pre-processing on the image, especially in points of good and very good vegetation
coverage with high values of the index.
The study concluded that it is important to follow the minimum number of steps required
for preprocessing steps in order to avoid unnecessary steps and recommend well tested,
readily available, and adequately documented data approaches and data products.
