Islamic banks face many contemporary challenges due to the international events,
global transformations, and the attempt to restrict the growth and expansion of Islamic
banks and its extension across the whole world, as well as errors and illegal a
nd banking
breaches that some Islamic banks has committed.
This situation makes it imperative for all the stakeholders, first and foremost the
Committee of Sharia in these banks, and the control exercised by central banks to Islamic
and conventional banks is a paramount, and that such control has increased the efficiency
of Islamic banks. It did not take into account the working conditions of these banks subject
to the provisions of Islamic law (Sharia). Hence, this research is to learn how to exercise
control over the Islamic banks in Syria. The researcher addressed the types of control on
Islamic banks in Syria represented by the internal control and supervision of the Central
Bank and the Shari'a. The researcher presented at the end of this research a set of
conclusions: there are significant differences between the banking control methods
imposed on Commercial and Islamic banks, as well as the existence of legal supervision of
Islamic banks is necessary to ensure that the provisions of the Islamic law.
Eventually, the researcher concludes a set of proposals and recommendations,
including: the need to develop qualitative and quantitative methods to control the work of
the Islamic banks to achieve desired control objectives in improving the performance of
Islamic banks, as well as the need to allocate a separate department within the Central
Bank of Syria, to carry out inspection and control of Islamic banks, while providing the
Department with trained and qualified human resources on Islamic banking.
Sandwich panels are locally produced with two faces of metal those which cover a
hard adhesive and thick core of polyurethane. The widely Extend of these panels increase
day for day as structural elements imitating the function necessities of the e
ngineering
construction.
The use of those panels as carried structural elements in wall or ceiling structures can
coincide with a submission of their sections materials, especially the two faces to the
change in a nature of the normal stress acted on them due to the alternate of the panel part
bending statically or dynamically when the alternate was produced from the change of
the loading acting direct on it or from the alternate of the live loading on the adjacent fields
of the continuous systems from it.
The evaluation of the sustain capacity and stability of the sandwich elements
consisted of such panels performs depended to the critical stress value leaded to arise of the
wrinkling waves of the compressive face of the panel that it values depended first on the
quality and properties of the production.
The research handled the testing of the sustainability and stability of the local
produced sandwich panel due to the alternate in a nature of it stress statically as a carried
structural element in the structural system built from such panels.
The conclusions of the research showed that this produced panel
follows a linear behavior too even in the case of the change of its bending direction or stress
nature of its face, especially in the loading steps coincided at least to the arising of the critical
wrinkling stress, whereas the value of this stress decreases 40% from its value for the
loading or bending case of the panel in only one direction.
The study seeks to determine the real time in electrical power system, which consists of
generating, transmitting and distributing equipment by using redistributing active power of
electrical generators in order to organizing the overload operation
of electrical power
transmission line loading in such case that the spare loads of electrical station are not
covering the important and necessary loads at failures.
The most of laws related to electrical power systems design indicated to proper ratio of
real time of electrical power system equipment along with characteristics of probability
distributed functions in addition to statistics methods which give a high possibility to
reduce the real time of considered loads; so; this leads to the requested solutions which
reduce the damage of failures at any time.
The contamination of groundwater with nitrates is a common problem in many countries of
the world, especially the agricultural ones where the pollution originates in these countries
mainly from the use of excessive fertilization in agricultural are
as, industrial waste,
sewage, animal dung, and the "installation of air nitrogen by plants, the nitrogen
compounds that arise due to some industries and vehicle emissions which are deposited on
the ground in solids.
The nitrate compounds are carcinogens and hazardous to human health If they were in
high concentrations. The risk of this turning into nitrite nitrate uptake by the bacteria,
especially in the abdomen which in turn causes what is known as Balmithmoglubenemea
in infants and pregnant women (Infant disease blueness). It can also cause stomach cancer
in adults through its interaction with amines and amides in the abdomen, forming
carcinogens (Alntrozzomedat and Alentrzoaminat). Therefore, you must apply the
foundations of the integrated management of groundwater in the study area to maintain
low levels of nitrate in groundwater used for drinking and irrigation.
The actual effect of unplanned transition of rural environment with its different
components towards urban areas had played a big role in giving the gray tincture on the
housing reality of Syrian cities in general, which in turn released a problem
that faced
planners to solve as one of the most important priorities through concentrating on the
possibility of selective elevating of positive specifications of the rural environment as a
large effect contributing factor in solving the housing problem through suggesting a group
of helping solutions by implementing them as a developing type with a rural quality in
actual stopping of housing problem.
The popular participation is one of the main pillars of the local development process,
as it allows the opportunity for various community groups to contribute to the preparation,
management and implementation of development plans in line with their
needs and
aspirations, and it has a positive role in making success of development projects in a
sustainable manner, so as to ensure the achievement of the comprehensive national
development objectives. A real and effective participation requires adoption of sustainable
enablement principle to build the public capacity, and to devote the human potential and
efforts of local communities.
In this context, the research presents a study of the concept of popular participation
and its importance in local development, and it identifies the methods and levels of
participation in the development process, its conditions, requirements and principles, as
classifies levels and forms of popular participation during the phases of local development;
in addition to presenting challenges of the participation in the local development processes.
The research deals with an analysis of one of global experiences that applies sustainable
enablement principle, to enhance the contribution of the community in achieving
sustainable development of the local urban environment, in order to conclude the most
important phases and criteria for sustainable enablement.
The research concludes to a number of conclusions and recommendations aspires to
promote the important role of public participation in local development, by creating
mechanisms which could be used to activate participation at the level of
local administrative units, and exploring the practical application way for enabling
communities in all stages of the local development process, in order to provide different
domains for popular participation in most important development issues.
The modern techniques of the information systems are considered as one of the most
important tools, that most institutions, bodies and organizations working in the areas of
planning and future development are seeking to use as effective analytical
and technical
tools for collecting and analyzing the vast amount of spatial and descriptive information
and the data of the human and natural phenomena, for both planners or decision-makers, at
the various stages of the planning process to cope with the urgent urban problems in
addition to supporting the completion of development plans in record time and high
quality, and reduce waste in energies and resources.
In this context, the research displays the advanced analytical techniques and tool, and
their role in whole planning processes, and identifies the methods of application of GIS
systems as the most efficient and widely used system in the fields of urban planning and
land use, and in developmental decisions support. Also, the research presents a practical
model for the distribution of tasks within the departments and institutions involved in the
planning, to introduce the information systems in their work, and highlights the most
important obstacles that may face the use of those systems.
The study comes up with a number of conclusions and recommendations for the
potential application of advanced techniques and avoiding obstacles, which directly
contribute to raising the efficiency and effectiveness of planning processes, and
improving the planning process management.
Furniture was designed for a specific functional use, and lasted like that for a long
period time, but with a lot of innovations and diversity of configurations and materials,
without any significant change to its basic functions. Later on, with th
e change of
lifestyle, new types of furniture began to appear with multi- functional uses with its
ability to shift from one format to another to produce a new element with new
function..
This phenomenon crystallized clearly at the beginning of the industrial revolution,
but in that time it has provided solutions to the emergent problems; this type of
furniture has lured many people with its quick disappearing and appearing within the
interior space, but it remained at a lasting development it bordered the style format and
use. This raises the question about the purpose of producing these products, which
started to take the form of a type of fantasia and this became more important towards
the function they serve.
The reducing of energy consumption for various nodes in wireless sensor networks
plays an important and essential role in the prolonging of the life of these networks. In
order not to be the energy consumption in some node is very high and in other
s is less or
very low, the choice of distribution algorithms of the nodes role, as a router node or
terminal nodes, and switching between them, plays an important role in prolonging the
lifetime of wireless sensor networks.
This paper presents an algorithm for the distribution of WSN nodes roles, including
allowing the applying of many tree patterns to a single network. This offers the potential to
alter the network nodes roles centrally by coordinator and switching between these tree
patterns whenever the need arises according to the indicators of energy consumption in the
nodes. The results show that the use of the algorithm leads to a significant improvement in
the network life ranges between 2 and 4 times, according to the allowing the nodes to sleep
and wakeup, or not, for different transmission rates where the scenarios have been tested
for ZigBee based wireless sensors networks using NS-2 simulator.
Since the invention of Fuzzy logic and fuzzy control, the latter has been growing in spread
and importance in many applications and devices in many life aspects. This maybe due to
the easy use of a fuzzy control system, and for being far of math co
mplications. Even if the
plant model is unknown, a self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) can improve the
response of an already exist linear control table, or even can build a control table from
scratch, by assessing current performance of the controller and adjusting the control table
accordingly. This paper provides a simple article that shows how to design and use a self organizing
fuzzy controller, through a simulation example using MATLAB & Simulink
in which a variable torque loaded DC motor speed regulation is done. The simulation
showed the ability of the controller to provide a good response and decrease speed error by
a notable amount at load torque changing times. This paper can be used as textbook
material for students or researchers interested in the field of adaptive control, especially
self-organizing fuzzy control.
