The Ability & Performance of Residential Urban Space A Practical Example in the City of Lattakia

The paper proceeds to review the concept of Residential Urban Spaces and their classification, and to limit the variables affecting the performance of the spaces and identify the ways to measure these variables. Then, it conducts a field survey of a variety of spaces in the City of Lattakia. The paper also proceeds to conduct a questionnaire to the urban spaces users and the residents of the surrounding segments of the population in order to identify the users’ opinions and reviews on the current status of the space performance and identify the most important needs and activities favored by the users within the space. It also identifies the reasons behind selecting certain spaces rather than others. After that, the paper proceeds to analyze the data in order to develop a mathematical model that determines the most important variables that affect the performance of the space, positively or negatively. Consequently, a mechanism will be set up to boost the performance of the Residential Urban Spaces by influencing the most powerful variables affecting the spaces and rejecting the weaker ones. Finally, making recommendations to activate the spaces and make it a safe interactive human, socio- cultural environment.

First record of ecto Epistylis sp. on free-living fish in the lake of the 16 Tishreen dam

The study included 144 Free – living fish from the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, collected randomly during the period from 12/2011 until 11/2012, on monthly basis to detect the infection with Epistylis sp. and determine its distribution rate. Fish samples were: Cyprinus carpio L., Varicorhinus damascinus, Garra rufus, Tilapia zilli, and Liza abu. Tilapia zilli was the most prevalent in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. The study revealed fish infection with Epistylis sp. on free – living fish in the Lake, with a total infection rate 22.22 % , mainly on Tilapia zillii (29.70 %) and then on mullet (2%);No infection with Epistylis sp. Was recorded on the other fish species. The infection with this ecto Epistylis sp. was recorded for the first time in Syria in our study. The infection with Epistylis sp. was located on the skin, fins and gills. The highest infection rate was on the fins ( 42.34 %) , followed by skin (37.46 %) , and then by gills (1.87 %) . The infection with Epistylis sp. had the highest rate in summer ; i.e. during high temperature , low concentration of dissolved oxygen , and slightly high value of BOD. The study showed that, the water of 16 Tishreen Dam is relatively clean.

Survey of chickpea chlorotic stunt virus on Broad bean crop in Lattakia Provicae

Afield survey of ckickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CPCSV) was conducted in some plantation areas in Lattakia province. A total of 252 samples were collected from plants showing chlorotic and stunting symptoms from 54 field. Results of Tissue Blot Immunobonding Assay has shown the presence of CPCSV in some plantation areas. The percentage of CPCSV varied in samples collected from fields, the highest percentage was 33.33% in Ras-elain aria and the lowest was 7.69% in Elbourjan aria.

Study of Some Chemical Indicators of Water Quality in Lattakia Dams

The big value of dams in the Syrian coast comes from using them for irrigation and sometimes as source of potable water. This study aimed to determine some chemical indicators of water quality in Lattakia dams during ten years (2002-2011). The concentrations of ions (Cl-1, SO4-2, NO2-1, NO3-1, PO4-3, K+1, Na+1) in five dams (Balloran, 16 Tishreen, Al-thawra, Alsafarkia and Alhweez) were studied. The results indicated that most of the ions showed significant difference in concentrations during 2002-2011.The ions concentrations in most studied dams increased. The increase related to characteristics of dams (location, capacity, the activities located around the dam…).

Study elementary Geological and tectonical the Dam of Deifeh

This search shows the lithological, petrographical and physical properties of the dam, and storage basin through rocks cors study taken from some wells in axis dam and storage lake and surface samples therefore have shaped unpenetration and penetration units. From this study discern reduction degree pored with rise positions deep far from range movement underground water and observed attachment pored grade cracs, Faults and karstic, Karstic discerned in positions (campanian, turounian) Increase Karstic caves in sinomanian positions from during tectonic cracs and naught being it in mastrichtian also action space in area dry weathering above level underground water because movement water across this cracs and vacuity. Positions geological divided in location which credence at pored to three straps (A, B, C): A)-Hard weathering strap Positions assimilate in this strap cracs dense rocks advance open cracs wobble between(3-5mm) and full of habit clay materials ,and compose dense weathering strap assimilate pored rocks and area the thick (3-6m).and advance removal it before starting in construction dam body because low resistance ,high cracs, capacity low load B) -Soft weathering strap Assimilate debris pile from split calcite rocks,and compose penetrating rocks. C) -Unpenetrating rocks strip Assimilate thick clay calcite positions from unpenetrating rocks.

Survey of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus on Solanaceous Crops and Associated Weeds in Lattakia Province

A survey of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, Tospovirus, Bunyaviridae) on some solanaceous crops and associated reservoir weeds was conducted between March and November 2013. 983 field samples was collected (703 Solanaceous crops, 280 associated weeds), and 218 greenhouse samples (190 Solanaceous crops, 28 associated weeds). Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay TBIA were performed to detect TSWV. Results of TBIA of tested samples showed the natural infection of TSWV in Lattakia by 22,06%. The percentage infection in field crops was 8,82% on solanaceous crops and 62,5% on associated weeds and It was in greenhouse crops 2,11% on solanaceous crops and 85,71% on associated weeds. This is the first report in Syria of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Tobacco, Eggplant, and several weeds.

The Contemporary Attitudes in the Spatial Formation for the Residential Urban Fabric and Applied Solutions in Lattakia City

The Study focuses on the contemporary planning applications in shaping the urban structure of the residential areas in general and the spatial formation in particular, according to a schematic structure that depends on classification of these spaces by kind, function of these special formation and their distinguished characteristics. The study focuses on the gradual scales of the formed spaces within the urban residential structure according to their functions, starting with the external courtyards surrounded by residential buildings whose construction in open space differs from the one in closed space, according to the predominant climatic conditions, then we move to the spaces of motorcar streets and pedestrians roads that have the dynamic and vitality characteristic by the multiplicity of uses, the functions, and the changes of its design structure. Spaces surrounding the public and service buildings form some special distinctive structural points especially when they complement each other with the surrounding buildings in architecture and volume. The formation of aesthetic-visual image in the urban spaces and the visual recognition mechanism divides the urban spaces into three principal types and discusses the relationship between shapes, volumes and colors of the building that form the space and visual sensation with the homogeneity and extension of space. Then the research studies various samples of the urban residential structure of Lattakia city and the spatial formation by performing general classifications of the urban spaces forming this structure according to the type and function of each. Then, we conclude the advantages and disadvantages of the schematic solution and understand the reasons of the negative aspect to be avoided in future.

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in meats, livers and kidneys of sheep Exposed in the local markets of Lattakia

The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in the meat, liver and kidney of sheep exposed in the local markets of the city of Latakia, and to compare the results with those reported by other countries and with the maximum acceptable levels for human consumption, Lead and cadmium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean concentrations of lead in meat, liver and kidney were 0.043, 0.284 and 0.118 mg/kg fresh weights, respectively, while mean concentrations of cadmium were 0.017, 0.173 and 0.252 mg/kg fresh weights, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in lead and cadmium concentrations between liver and kidney and in meat.

Biology of Red gum lerp Psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera; Aphalaridae) in the province of Lattakia, Syria

In this research, the occurrence of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Aphalaridae) was recorded for the first time on Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) leaves in Syria. Where collected from the leaves and shoots of young and old trees of eucalyptus from Lattakia province in June 2015 in three sites. The morphological characters examined and compared with the specialized keys for this species. The results showed that the highest average for psyllid egg masses was in Bustan AlBasha on the lower surface of the leaves and amounted to 5.80±2.00 mass, had the highest average number of eggs in the same location and on the lower surface also reached 65.80±47.97 eggs / Leaf. The highest average number of nymphs under the Lerp in Bustan AlBasha on the lower surface of the leaves as stage as follows: L1: 18.4±9.51, and L2: 9.60±3.32, and L3: 6.40±0.92, while L4: 2.80±1.74 on the upper and lower surfaces. The highest average number of psyllid nymphs without white Lerp was for the first nymph L1: In Shahd Alaasal site on the Lower surface 3.40±0.87, and L2: at the same previous location on the upper surface of 5.80±2.43, and L3: in Bustan AlBasha site on the Lower surface 2.80±0.58, and L4: in Shahd Alaasal and Bustan AlBasha 0.20±0.20 on the upper and lower surface. The highest average number of adult in the site Bustan AlBasha on the upper surface of 1.40±1.16, and the lowest in the site Shahd Alaasal on the upper surface of 0.20±0.20.

Morphological and biological study of Saissetia oleae on citrus trees in Lattakia Governorate

This research carried out in the orchards of the Stamo area province of Lattakia citrus during the years 2014-2015, and the results of the study showed that the insect black cortical one generation per year with a second partial generation during the summer. Under the insect overwintering nymph stage in the second age is the most able to withstand the low-temperature phase in the winter. Mermaid back age-second activity in the beginning of spring to complete their life cycle where the female young appear in early April on each of the branches and leaves, to show adult females with the beginning of the month of May and starts the eggs to hatch in the middle of this month and will continue until the month of July. The study found that the nymph stage second phase age is the most common during the season at each of the branches and leaves. Observed the death of large numbers of the insect in the phasic nymph third age and female fledgling stage, which evolved during the same season, as the study of the distribution and the spread of the different phases of the insect on the plant parts showed that the branches were more injury than securities with higher than moral in the population density of the presence of eccentric nymph and adult stages the branches compared with the leaves.