This research was conducted in laboratory of Nematology in the Center of Scientific
Agricultural Research in Lattakia, to detection of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) in
Citrus Orchards soils in Lattakia governorate.
A total of 66 composite soil
samples were collected from Citrus orchards during (2016-
2017). Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were recovered from soil samples by the
insect baiting technique, using seventh instar larvae of the Greater wax moth Galleria
mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Infective juveniles (IJs) were collected from G.
mellonella cadavers using the method of White (1927).
EPN isolates were identified based on morphometric methods. Eight isolates were
identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Ord. Rhabditida: Fam.
Heterorhabditidae) .
Positive soil samples ratio was 12.12% of total samples, where EPNs isolates were
extracted from regions (Al-Bassa, Al-Magreet, Al-Shamia, Gio, Al-Kharnoba, Al-Sorsokia,
Fideo, Borj Al-Qasab)0 The soil textures of the EPNs positive samples were (sandy loam,
silt loam, loamy sand, loamy clay sand, clay) with ( pH 6.34- :0.5) and (1.99- 4.82) g\100g
organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.33
to 0.82 ds/m.
A survey was conducted to determine the frequency and mean densities of
plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
after the harvesting season 2008 in Syria. Results showed that twelve genera of
plant-parasitic n
ematodes were found associated with cotton crop roots. The
distribution of nematode genera varied between the Syrian governorates,
Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus infect most cotton fields
in all syrian governorates. The distribution was relatively uniform between the
governorates. They occurred in 80.7%, 46.6% and 32.95%, respectively, of
tested fields with an average density of 137.2, 59.6 and 574.3 juveniles/100 cm3
soil, respectively. meanwhile, the genus Tylenchorhynchus was found in central
region only. Rotylenchulus was more prevalent in the heavier soils, but
Meloidogyne. was not influenced by soil type. The other nematode genera
detected in this survey were less frequent, their frequency of occurrence were
for Hoplolaimus (19.3%), Scutellonema (31.8%), Tylenchorhynchus (31.8%),
Helicotylenchus (30.7%), Rotylenchus (36.4%), Tylenchus (18.2%), Xiphinema
(3.4%).
Monthly population fluctuations of plant parasitic nematode population
associated with root of cotton in central province fields in Syria were studied
over a 2-year period 2008-2009. In both years, the differences between monthly
samples were not
significant. Average of nematode population density in soil
decreased after sowing (May) and near the end of the season (at harvest) in
both years and in all of the central province fields, then the numbers of
nematode increased slowly again in June to reach a peak at mid-season (July).
Ghab region had the higher population density (1180.8 juveniles/100cm3 soil).
An increase in numbers of nematode in soil was accompanied with a decrease
in number in roots. Negative correlation was observed between average of the
initial population density and reproduction factor. Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne
incognita, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus were dominant nematode species
in these fields. Also, the infestation of the first three nematode species was not
uniform.
A survey to record the genera of nematodes associated with chickpea of
domestic variety, which are planting at Izra’a Research center in Dara’a
Governorate, was carried out during the period from April 2003 till June 2003.
Nematodes were extracted
, examined and identified to genus. Population
density, frequency (%), and prominence value (PV) were calculated for each
genus of 40 samples were collected from the root rhizosphere soil and from
plant roots itself. Results showed that eight genera of plant-parasitic
nematodes, and seventeen genera of other nematode groups were associated
with chikpea plants.
A study of effectiveness of methyle bromide (MB) and two of its alternatives were
carried out to evaluate their impact on soil sterilization, the density of nematode
and on the growth and production of carnation crop. The experement was carried
ou
t in two plastic houses of 400m2 in Zabadani region during 1999-2000.The
treatments were as follows; MB(28g/m2), metam sodium (75cm3/m2), soil steaming
and control. The results showed significant-differences between the control and the
treatments, where the effectiveness of reducing the density of nematodes were
55.6%, 53.4%, 69.9% and 0% respectively. The soil steaming treatment encouraged
the plant vigour and harvest started earlier, but the average number of carnation
flowers for the different treatments were 28.3, 23.9, 32.8 and 23.8 (flowers during
each harvest day) respectively. Confirmed differences were found for yield, where
the highest number of carnation flowers were found in the plots treated with metam
sodium, and therefor we recommend using metam sodium as a part of integrated
pest management program of nematodes in carnation cultivatar.
A study of the effectiveness of methyl bromide (MB) and some alternatives
were carried out to determine their effects on soil sterilization, densitY of
nematode and production of tomato (variety Karam) crop, under greenhouses
conditions in Banias
area, during 1999-2000.The treatments were as follows:
MB (57g/m2), Dazomet GR 98%, organic matter + solarization (Biofumigation)
and control. Results showed that the effectiveness in reducing the
total nematode density were 97.5%, 66.1%, 28.8 and 0% respectively. The root
knots index for Meloidogyne spp. were 0, 0.64, 0.83 and 1.83 respectively. The
Bio-fumigation treatment didn't have any effect on reducing the nematode
density, but increased the plant growth and yield. The crop yield were 190.67,
167.33, 185 and 157.67.kg/plot respectively and there was no significant
difference between the MB and the Bio-fumigation treatments.
A survey to record the genera of nematode associated with wheat in the
south region of Syria was carried out during 2002/01. 600 soil samples were
collected from the rhizosphere of wheat and examined. Nematodes were
extracted, identified and frequ
ency was calculated for each genus. Results
showed that 17 genera of nematode were associated with wheat. These genera
were divided into three groups. The free living nematode consisted of eight
genus, the plant and fungi nematode three genus and the plant parasitic
nematode group contains six genus.
