Do you want to publish a course? Click here

Tourism and Strategic Planning: Learning from the Chinese Province of Hainan to Improve the Syrian Coastal Region

السياحة والتخطيط الاستراتيجي: التعلم من مقاطعة هاينان الصينية لتطوير إقليم الساحل السوري

2744   1   73   0.0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2018
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Bashar Dayoub




Ask ChatGPT about the research

This paper is an analytical study of tourism plans of China’s Hainan Province and the Syrian coastal region before the Syrian war commenced in 2011. It compares the two types of tourism (in the Mediterranean and the Asia Pacific) and concludes with an integrated model of successful regional tourism. The focus is on strategic plans of the last two decades and how they facilitate tourism, specifically, how strategic plans can be translated into sustainable tourism development projects in both regions. The strategic plan in the Chinese case considers environmental, economic, institutional, and social characteristics of tourism development, which determines the necessary infrastructure and environment for the further development of tourism. This is contrasted with the absence of such a strategy in the case of Syria. Data were drawn from in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Qualitative research techniques were used to analyze the available data and to form a detailed description of the past, present, and future potential for tourism in the two regions. The study measures transportation, land use/land cover patterns, tourism and tourism development, urban development, and strategic plans. It applied the lessons learned from Chinese tourism innovations in Hainan to propose an executive plan for sustainable tourism development in the Syrian coastal region once the present war has ended. This requires the active participation of all relevant stakeholders from almost every domain despite differing interests. It further requires improving the integration of three separate developmental factors (social, environmental, and economic) as complementary rather than conflicting elements. Keywords; Syrian coastal region, Syria, Hainan province, China, strategic plans, development, policy, planning.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة تحليلية لخطط السياحة في مقاطعة هاينان الصينية والمنطقة الساحلية السورية قبل بدء الحرب السورية في عام 2011. تقارن الورقة بين نوعي السياحة في البحر الأبيض المتوسط ومنطقة آسيا والمحيط الهادئ وتخلص إلى نموذج متكامل للسياحة الإقليمية الناجحة. تركز الدراسة على الخطط الاستراتيجية للعقدين الماضيين وكيفية ترجمتها إلى مشاريع تنمية سياحية مستدامة في كلا المنطقتين. تتناول الدراسة الخصائص البيئية والاقتصادية والمؤسسية والاجتماعية لتطوير السياحة في الحالة الصينية وتبرز غياب مثل هذه الاستراتيجية في الحالة السورية. تم جمع البيانات من مقابلات متعمقة وملاحظات ميدانية وتحليل وثائق، واستخدمت تقنيات البحث النوعي لتحليل البيانات المتاحة وتشكيل وصف تفصيلي للماضي والحاضر والمستقبل المحتمل للسياحة في المنطقتين. تقيس الدراسة النقل وأنماط استخدام الأراضي وتطوير السياحة والتنمية الحضرية والخطط الاستراتيجية، وتطبق الدروس المستفادة من الابتكارات السياحية الصينية في هاينان لاقتراح خطة تنفيذية لتطوير السياحة المستدامة في المنطقة الساحلية السورية بعد انتهاء الحرب الحالية. تتطلب هذه الخطة مشاركة فعالة من جميع الأطراف المعنية من مختلف المجالات رغم اختلاف المصالح، كما تتطلب تحسين تكامل العوامل التنموية الثلاثة (الاجتماعية والبيئية والاقتصادية) كعناصر مكملة بدلاً من متضاربة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الورقة نظرة شاملة ومقارنة مفيدة بين السياحة في مقاطعة هاينان الصينية والمنطقة الساحلية السورية، وتسلط الضوء على الفجوات والتحديات التي تواجه تطوير السياحة في سوريا. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر قوة إذا تضمنت تحليلاً أعمق للعوامل السياسية والاجتماعية التي تؤثر على السياحة في سوريا، خاصة في ظل الظروف الحالية. كما أن الورقة تفتقر إلى تقديم حلول عملية ومحددة يمكن تطبيقها في السياق السوري المعقد. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الورقة أكثر توازناً إذا تناولت بعض التحديات التي تواجه السياحة في هاينان بشكل أكثر تفصيلاً، مما يوفر رؤية أكثر شمولية ومتوازنة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة؟

    تهدف الدراسة إلى تحليل ومقارنة خطط السياحة في مقاطعة هاينان الصينية والمنطقة الساحلية السورية قبل الحرب السورية، واقتراح نموذج متكامل للسياحة الإقليمية الناجحة يمكن تطبيقه في سوريا بعد انتهاء الحرب.

  2. ما هي الفجوات الرئيسية التي تم تحديدها في التخطيط السياحي في سوريا؟

    تم تحديد عدة فجوات رئيسية في التخطيط السياحي في سوريا، منها غياب استراتيجية واضحة، ضعف البنية التحتية، وعدم الاستدامة، بالإضافة إلى ضعف التنسيق بين الجهات العامة والخاصة.

  3. كيف يمكن تطبيق الدروس المستفادة من هاينان في السياق السوري؟

    يمكن تطبيق الدروس المستفادة من هاينان من خلال تطوير خطة استراتيجية شاملة تركز على التكامل بين العوامل الاجتماعية والبيئية والاقتصادية، وتحسين البنية التحتية، وتعزيز التعاون بين الجهات المختلفة، وتطوير سياسات سياحية مستدامة.

  4. ما هي التحديات الرئيسية التي تواجه تطوير السياحة في المنطقة الساحلية السورية؟

    تشمل التحديات الرئيسية الحرب المستمرة، ضعف البنية التحتية، غياب الاستدامة، وضعف التدريب والتأهيل للعاملين في قطاع السياحة، بالإضافة إلى ضعف التنسيق بين الجهات المعنية.


References used
Morgan, N. & Pritchard, A., Destination Branding: Creating the Unique, Oxford: Elsevier, 2002, 2004.
Angeloni, S., The strategic plan for tourism development in Italy, Economia. Seria Management, 16(1), p. 107, 2013.
Lamb, A., Tourism development and planning in Australia: The need for a national strategy, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 7(4), pp. 353–361, 1988.
Angeloni, S., Destination Italy, Milano—Torino: Pearson Italia S.p.A., 2012, p. 113.
Seidahmetov, M., Aidarova, A., Abishov, N., Dosmuratova, E. & Kulanova, D., Problems and perspectives of development of tourism in the period of market economy (case republic of Kazakhstan). Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, p. 251–255, 2014.
Gilbert, D., Strategic marketing planning for national tourism. The Tourist Review, 45(1), pp. 18–27, 1990. DOI: 10.1108/eb058038.
Ritchie, J.R.B. & Crouch, G.I., The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective, CABI Pub: New York, 2003.
Heath, E., Towards a model to enhance destination competitiveness: A Southern African perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 10(2), pp. 124– 141, 2002.
The Authority on World Travel & Tourism, Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2015 WORLD, World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), London, 2015.
Bertucci, G., Strengthening Local Governance in Tourism-Driven Economies, statement prepared for the International Colloquium on Regional Governance, 2002. Online. www.unpan.org.
Delise, P.E., Sustainability & Social Responsibility: Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA). Online. http://sustain.pata.org/tourist-activity-as-sustainable-regionaldevelopment- instrument/. Accessed on: 6 Feb. 2015.
Muhammad, E., Urban Tourism and Strategic Planning: An Integrated Study of Alexandria and Barcelona, UNICA Euromaster in Urban Studies, 4Cities, 2011.
Inskeep, E., Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, 1991, pp. 70–71.
The World Tourism Organization (WTO), National and Regional: Methodologies and Case Studies, Routledge: London, 1994.
Lai, K., Li, Y. & Feng, X., Gap between tourism planning and implementation: A case of China. Tourism Management, 27(6), pp. 1171–1180, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.009.
Cooper, C., Wanhill, S., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D. & Fyall, A., Tourism: Principles and Practice, Longman Group: London, 1993.
Gunn, C.A., Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases, 4th ed., Routledge: New York, 2002.
Mclntosh, R.W, Goeldner, C.R. & Ritchie, J.R.B., Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies, Wiley: New York, 1995.
Shepherd, R., Tourism Principles and Practice, Longman: Harlow, 1998.
Veal, A., Leisure and Tourism Policy and Planning, 2nd ed., CABI Publishing: New York: 2002.
Burns, P.M., Tourism planning: A third way? Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), pp. 24–43, 2004.
Tosun, C. & Jenkins, C., Regional planning approaches to tourism development: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 17(7), pp. 519–531, 1996.
Burnsa, P.M. & Sancho, M.M., Local perceptions of tourism planning: The case of Cuéllar, Spain. Tourism Management, 24(3), pp. 331–339, 2003.
Lew, A.A., Tourism planning and traditional urban planning theory—the planner as an agent of social. Leisure/Loisir, 31(2), pp. 383–391, 2007. DOI: 10.1080/14927713.2007.9651387.
Vollmer, D., Developing Leadership in Your Drycleaning Business (Conclusion). Online. https://americandrycleaner.com/articles/developing-leadership-yourdrycleaning- business-conclusion. Accessed on: 29 May 2014.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP), Exploring the potential of maritime spatial planning in the Mediterranean Sea: Country reports. I. SYRIA, European Commission study, Brussels, Luxembourg, 2011.
UNEP/MAP-METAP SMAP III Project, Towards a Strategy for Syria’s Coast – ICZM Policy Background, SMAP III/2008/PB.S Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre, Split, 2008.
Ministry of Transportation in The Syrian Arab Republic, The reality and prospects of transportation in Syria (in Arabic), Damascus, 2012.
Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC), Improving Coastal Land Degradation Monitoring in Lebanon and Syria: Country Report Syria, 2004 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Priority Actions Programme, Split, 2004.
Ministry of Tourism in The Syrian Arab Republic, The touristic study of regional planning project of Lattakia—Tartus (in Arabic), Damascus, 2010.
UNEP/MAP-METAP SMAP III Project, Syria’s Coastal Zone and its Desired Integrated Management–Proposed Vision and Policy, SMAP III/2009/ICZMNPR/ ENG Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre, Split, 2009.
Markovic, M., Satta, A., Skaricic, Z. & Trumbic, I., Sustainable Coastal Tourism/an integrated planning and management approach, United Nations Environment Programme, 2009, Paris, 2009.
PAP/RAC, UNEP/MAP/PAP. Online. www.pap-thecoastcentre.org/pdfs/ Protocol_publikacija_May09.pdf. Accessed on: 21 Jan. 2008.
Travel China Guide, Travel China Guide. Online. Available: www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/geography/. Accessed on: 9 Sep. 2013.
Falkenheim, V.C., Hainan. Online. www.britannica.com/place/Hainan. Accessed on: 24 Feb. 2014.
JICA, Hainan Development Project (Highway) (I) (II)–Hainan East Expressway Expansion Project, Waseda Research Institute Corp, Tokyo, 2008.
Chinatravel.com, Hainan Transport. Online. www.chinatravel.com/hainan/ transport.htm. Accessed on: 9 Jan. 2013.
Platinum Broking Company Limited, Hainan Property Guide, 2013 Platinum Broking Company Limited, Hong Kong, 2013.
Wang, J. & Liu, Y., Tourism-led land-use changes and their environmental effects in the southern coastal region of Hainan Island, China. Journal of Coastal Research, 290(5), pp. 1118–1125, 2013. DOI: 10.2112/jcoastres-d-12-00039.1.
Tse, Y.C.H., Feasibility Study on Hainan Project–Case Study for Licon (Holdings) Limited, Tampere University of Applied Sciences: Tampere, 2010.
The Authority on World Travel & Tourism, Hainan Travel & Tourism Development Potential 2011–2021, World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC): London, 2012.
Hainan Government, “Home>>TopNews: The official website of the Hainan Government.” Online. http://en.hainan.gov.cn/englishgov/TopNews/201002/ t20100212_42651.html. Accessed on: 12 Feb. 2010.
Goulard, S., Mediterranean Islands and the challenge of innovation: Learning from the case of the chinese province of Hainan. Presented at 2nd International Conference on Human and Social Sciences, ICHSS 2012, 5, Rome, 2012.
Niezgoda, A., Problems of implementing sustainable tourism in Poland. The Poznań University of Economics, 4(1), pp. 30–42, 2004.
Nowacki, M., Anioł, J.K., Królikowska, K., Rak, M.P. & Awedyk, M., Strategic planning for sustainable tourism development in Poland. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 25(6), pp. 562–567, 2018. DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2018.1432513.
Risteskia, M., Kocevskia, J. & Arnaudov, K., Spatial planning and sustainable tourism as basis for developing competitive tourist destinations. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, pp. 375–386, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.042.
Erixon, R.X., Sanya-Chinese Hawaii-through one phoenix to see the big picture, KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, Stockholm, 2012.
Costa, C., An emerging tourism planning paradigm? A comparative analysis between town and tourism planning. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(6), pp. 425– 441, 2001. DOI: 10.1002/jtr.277.
Neves, P., Tourism Towards Sustainable Regional Development, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan: Stockholm, 2006.
Regional Planning Commission, National Framework of Regional Planning, Damascus, 2012.
Tourism Directorate in Latakia & Tartus, Tourism Investment, Latakia & Tartus, 2011.
Sassila, R., Analytical Study of the Syrian Coastal Zone, Damascus, 2009.
Ministry of Local Administration and Environment-Lattakia & Tartus Regional Planning Project, The touristic study of regional planning project of Lattakia & Tartus, Directorate of Decision Support & Regional Planning, Lattakia & Tartus, 2010.
rate research

Read More

This study was conductedin 2016 to see the impact of the jet stream over on variations the tropical rain in the regionof the Syrian coast,and has daily and monthly observation of the site by the current virtual movement of the sun, and the accompan ying withdrawal of air masses to the surface, causing a state of atmospheric stability,and therefore studded a private air depressions during the summer half of the year, and studied each of the geographical location of the regionand the astronomical research of the impact in the face of Western wind.It was synoptic uppeweather maps r analysis at 200mbr, and turned out to be the focus of mainstream role in incitementof air masses, and identified the relationship between the atmospheric pressure values at 200mbr, and the amount of rainfall, where the relationship is an inverse to the level of the month and quarter and year.
We study the task of learning and evaluating Chinese idiom embeddings. We first construct a new evaluation dataset that contains idiom synonyms and antonyms. Observing that existing Chinese word embedding methods may not be suitable for learning idio m embeddings, we further present a BERT-based method that directly learns embedding vectors for individual idioms. We empirically compare representative existing methods and our method. We find that our method substantially outperforms existing methods on the evaluation dataset we have constructed.
Being an integral urban, social, economical and cultural part of its development plans; states and its administrations competes in the design, planning and implementation of sustainable tourism development. Given the importance and the need to de velop a meaningful and targeted strategies toachieve sustainable development in the North region ; this research handled a collection of different tourism planning strategeis such as: site planning strategy, merging and integration strategy, tourism triangle strategy, Hyperlinks axes strategy and Imaginable planning strategy.
Ornamental plants considered one of the modern plantation, which should be introduced in the future agricultural development plan confirmed by field studies for the most important ornamental seed plants as a samples for data collections. Through i nformation and field data it can be concluded that, most of nursery's of ornamental plants were in a small size (less than 2.5 hectare) in comparison with some other propagated plants due to the absence of specialization. We observed a shortage in a propagated plant materials especially cut-flowers which considered the most important product. This research observed also many problems facing the producers leading to high production cost: preliminary materials, agriculture and propagation materials, expert workers beside obstacles in exporting and absence in observation and governmental help.
Recent researches show that pre-trained models (PTMs) are beneficial to Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS). However, PTMs used in previous works usually adopt language modeling as pre-training tasks, lacking task-specific prior segmentation knowledge an d ignoring the discrepancy between pre-training tasks and downstream CWS tasks. In this paper, we propose a CWS-specific pre-trained model MetaSeg, which employs a unified architecture and incorporates meta learning algorithm into a multi-criteria pre-training task. Empirical results show that MetaSeg could utilize common prior segmentation knowledge from different existing criteria and alleviate the discrepancy between pre-trained models and downstream CWS tasks. Besides, MetaSeg can achieve new state-of-the-art performance on twelve widely-used CWS datasets and significantly improve model performance in low-resource settings.
comments
Fetching comments Fetching comments
mircosoft-partner

هل ترغب بارسال اشعارات عن اخر التحديثات في شمرا-اكاديميا