This research was carried out to study the effect of summer pruning on the growth and production of two grape varieties Vitis vivifera L. Halwani and Baladdi. The study was conducted in Kadmous during 2012 growing season on two varieties of grape tre
es reared on wiredraw. Seven treatments were used: 1- control, 2- shoot thinning, 3- shoot thinning and hedging, 4- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal, 5- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal, 6- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal and leaf removal, 7- shoot thinning and leaf removal.
Results show that hedging improves weight of cluster and berry due to the increase in fruit set percentage which leads to an increase in grape production. Shoot thinning increases TSS yet other processes have negative effects: the hedging process increases acid titration in the Baladdi cultivar but in the Halwani cultivar hedging and axillary shoot removal increases acid titration.
In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride
(NaCl) (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) on some physiological characteristics and some
growth indicators of SO4 grape rootstock propagated in vitro was studied at the
laboratories of Gen
eral Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research
(GCSAR), Damascus/Syria. Results indicated that the increase of NaCl
concentration up to 100 mM in culture medium led to reduce the growth
indicators (survival plants, average of the plant length and average number of
buds) with significant differences when compared with the control plants after
4 weeks from culturing on multiplication media, while treatment with 150 mM
of sodium chloride led to death of all plants. Using the concentrations 50 and
100 mM of NaCl also caused decreasing the total chlorophyll content in the
leaves.
This investigation was conducted on Ru140 grape rootstock at the General
Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus with the
aim of in vitro vegetatively micropropagation using some plant growth
regulators on multiplication
and rooting to determine the best combinations
and concentrations of plant growth regulators that result in the best
multiplication rate, and best rooting crekeria (rate and roots number and
length). Results demonstrated that, the best medium for in vitro
micropropagation of the studied rootstock was the modified MS medium
supplemented with 4.44 μM BA + 0.49 μM IBA with multiplication rate of 7.72
new shoots every 4 weeks, and shoots lengt of 5.54 cm. These shoots were
transferred for 4 weeks to among elongation medium containing the same
medium with the addition of Kinetine at a concentration of 2.22 μM instead of
BA which led to a shoot elongation rate of 7.87 cm, then these shoots were
transferred to rooting medium for rooting, It was shown that using auxin IBA
at a concentration of 4.44 μM resulted at the highest rate of rooting (87%) with
the largest number of roots (7.56) when using the auxin IBA concentration μM
4.44 compared with the rest of other transactions and with the control as well.
However, The highest length of roots (6.29 cm) was observed on medim
contained lower IBA concentration (2.22 μM). Rooted Plants were acclimatized
gradually to ex vitro conditions with 70 % efficiency.
This current study was carried out on B41 grape rootstock
micropropagated in vitro at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural
Research (GCSAR), Syria to study the effect of different concentrations of
sodium chloride on the multiplicati
on and rooting stages. The results showed
that the highest average of survival plants (98%), the number of new buds
(8.43) and plant length (8.58 cm) were obtained in the control treatment after 4
weeks from multiplication stage. The treatment with 50 mM of sodium chloride
led to reduce the multiplication rates with significant differences, while the
lowest plant multiplication had occurred with 100 mM of sodium chloride and
no survival plants were remained by the treatment with 150 mM of sodium
chloride during multiplication stage. The highest rooting rates (% 85.30), the
number of roots (4.67) and root length (6.28 cm) were also obtained in the
control treatment after 4 weeks from rooting stage. The treatment with 50 mM
of sodium chloride led to reduce the rooting process with significant
differences. The lowest rooting results were observed with 100 mM of sodium
chloride and no rooting rate was observed when plants were treated with 150
mM of sodium chloride.
This study was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University in 2012 season. Clusters of local yellowish baladi grape
exposed to the concentration (2000 Ppm) of gas SO2 for 3 hours were dried to
moisture conten
t not exceeded 18% by different drying methods (sun drying,
heat drying, solar energy-green house) in the aim of determining their effect on
some chemical indices (total sugar, pH, acidity, solid soluble, non enzymatic
browning), some antioxidants (vitamin C, total phenols) and antioxidant
activity according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
assay. The results showed superiority (p<0.05) of the way solar drying of the
fruits of the grape-treatment with gas SO2 to maintain vitamin C (7.17 mg/ 100
g dry weight) while outperformed the fruits of grapes dried with heat treatment
and gas SO2 in content of phenols (7.24 mg acid Gaelic/ 100 g dry weight).
Results also showed that samples of grapes dried solar and non-treated with gas
SO2 noticeable increase in its activity in the antioxidant, which amounted to
82.42%. The results confirmed that the importance of treatment with gas SO2
prior to the fruits of grapes in reducing (p<0.05) the time required to complete
the drying process, especially in the way of thermal drying to (137 hours)
compared with other transactions.
This research was conducted at the Agriculture Faculty, Damascus
university to determine some factors affecting rooting of some grape rootstocks
(B41, Ru140, SO4) by hardwood cutting during two subsequent seasons. The
results showed that Rooting p
ercentage ranged between 50 to 65%. with
significant differences between tested rootstocks. The highest rooting
percentage was obtained on B41 rootstock reached 65.47% followed by SO4
and then by Ru140 which gave the lowest percentage 50.44%. The treatment
with hormone IBA increased rooting proportion and all the parameters
(number and length of root, number of leaves and shoot length) were
significantly higher than parallel parameters of the control. The storage of
cuttings at 4°C for 50 days increased significantly proportion of rooting and
number of roots compared with the storage under field condition. There were
significant differences among dates of planting where the third date (mid
February) showed superiority in all parameters studied over other dates. The
cuttings from basal and middle of annual growth gave a significant superiority
in the average root length (5.26–4.32 cm, successively) compared to the
terminal cuttings while there was no significant effect to the cuttings position on
rooting proportion.
Grape Vitis Vinifera L. var. "Baladi" was fumigated with acetic acid at two
concentrations 75 and 100 %, during two successive seasons 2008/2009, to study
their effect comparing of sulfur dioxide pads and control. However, Sulfur
dioxide pads were
packed in 40 μm polyethylene bags thickness at two
concentrations 1 and 1.5 g/ kg fruit. All treatments were stored at 0 ± 1 Cº and
90-95% RH for three months, in cooling units of pome and vine research
department in Swaida. Chemical and physical properties were assessed every
15 days intervals, and in every time shelf life was measured for three days at
room temperature and calculated as total loss %. Acetic acid treatment effected
as well as or better than sulfur dioxide pads during cold storage. Which, acetic
acid fumigation decreased weight loss %, decay % and berry shatter %,
moreover, berry adherence strength (g) and berry firmness (kg/cm2) were
increased, but T.S.S %, total acidity % and sugars % have not significant
differences comparing to sulfur dioxide fumigation and control. In addition to
that, the application of acetic acid increased shelf life in days by decreasing
total loss %; also this treatment improved some sensory properties and was
satisfied for consumer demand.
Study was conducted at Hama on summer ١٩٩٨ to determine the
Persistence of two pesticides, the Organophosphorus Dimethoate, and the
Pyrethroid Deltamethrin, on the Grapes.
The study showed that IAA treated cuttings were rooted earlier and bud
development was delayed. On the other hand, IAA treatment increased rooting
percentage and reduced the percentage of bud development. Increasing
NaCl salinity to ٠,١ M decrease
d the rooting ability in cuttings, while the
use of IAA could mitigate the adverse effect of salinity. The best results of
rooting were obtained in treatment of (٠,٠٥ M).
The objective of this study was to study the economic characteristics of non-irrigated
apples and grapes in Syria. The study depended on published and unpublished
data from Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, during the period 2000 –
2014
. The data is related to the cultivated area, production costs and prices. Certain
economic indicators (net income, profitability of invested SP), as well as the most
important marketing indicators (marketing share, marketing margin, marketing
efficiency) were estimated, to clarify the progress in the marketing process of these
important crops in Syria, because the farmers are still suffered from increasing
production costs and decline in their share of the price that had been paid by end
consumers, in addition to their inability to sell their production.
