The effect of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and drying methods in chemical and bioactive indicators and antioxidant activity in local yellowish Baladi grape

This study was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University in 2012 season. Clusters of local yellowish baladi grape exposed to the concentration (2000 Ppm) of gas SO2 for 3 hours were dried to moisture content not exceeded 18% by different drying methods (sun drying, heat drying, solar energy-green house) in the aim of determining their effect on some chemical indices (total sugar, pH, acidity, solid soluble, non enzymatic browning), some antioxidants (vitamin C, total phenols) and antioxidant activity according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The results showed superiority (p<0.05) of the way solar drying of the fruits of the grape-treatment with gas SO2 to maintain vitamin C (7.17 mg/ 100 g dry weight) while outperformed the fruits of grapes dried with heat treatment and gas SO2 in content of phenols (7.24 mg acid Gaelic/ 100 g dry weight). Results also showed that samples of grapes dried solar and non-treated with gas SO2 noticeable increase in its activity in the antioxidant, which amounted to 82.42%. The results confirmed that the importance of treatment with gas SO2 prior to the fruits of grapes in reducing (p<0.05) the time required to complete the drying process, especially in the way of thermal drying to (137 hours) compared with other transactions.

Effect Of Foliar Application Of Iron And NPK Fertilization On Flowering, Setting And Vegetative Growth Of Halwani Lubnan And Kamali Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

This study was conducted during the seasons 1995 and 1996 at Ninevah Horticulture Station- Iraq. On Halwani and Kamali grape cultivars. This study included four levels of foliar application of Fe-EDTA at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm iron, and soil compound fertilization with NPK (30 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 + 30kg K2O/ Donum) on the two abore mentioned cultivars, and the interaction among the three studied factors (cultivars, Fe and NPK), was also evaluated. The results showed that 200ppm of iron caused a significant increase in the percentage of pollen viability, Pollen grains germination, length of Pollen tube, setting of berries, ovules fertilization, leaf chlorophyll content, single leaf area, shoot leaf area, and total leaf area per vine and leaf area per cluster. The same results were obtained by using NPK fertilization. Halwani grape CV. Was significantly superior over on the Kamali grape CV. in pollen viabilits, pollen germination, length of pollen tube, leaf chlorophyll content and the single leaf area, While the Kamali grape CV. gave the highest shoot leaf area, total leaf area per vine and leaf area per cluster. The interaction among iron, NPK and cultivars reveded that the best treatment was 200 ppm iron with NPK, which gave the best results concerning flowering, setting and vegetative growth for both the cultivars.

Toxicity of Pruning Residue Ash for Apple, Grape and Olive Against Cowpea Seed Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) under Laboratory Conditions

Ash toxicity of burning pruning residues of three plant species i.e. apple, grape and olive was tested against adults of cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) using the following concentrations: (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) g/kg of cowpea seed. The study was carried out in incubator at fixed temperature and humidity at Biotechnology Research Center, Al-baath University. Readings were taken after (24, 48 and 72) h of treatment, and corrected mortality rates were calculated and values of LC50, LC90, LT50 and LT90.