The Effect of Summer Pruning on the Quantity and Quality Production of two Grape Cultivars: Halwani and Balady

This research was carried out to study the effect of summer pruning on the growth and production of two grape varieties Vitis vivifera L. Halwani and Baladdi. The study was conducted in Kadmous during 2012 growing season on two varieties of grape trees reared on wiredraw. Seven treatments were used: 1- control, 2- shoot thinning, 3- shoot thinning and hedging, 4- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal, 5- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal, 6- shoot thinning and axillary shoot removal and leaf removal, 7- shoot thinning and leaf removal. Results show that hedging improves weight of cluster and berry due to the increase in fruit set percentage which leads to an increase in grape production. Shoot thinning increases TSS yet other processes have negative effects: the hedging process increases acid titration in the Baladdi cultivar but in the Halwani cultivar hedging and axillary shoot removal increases acid titration.

The effect of foliar spray of nitrogen, boron and zinc on the growth indicators and the content of the leaves of elements of two olive cultivars (Nebaly mohasan and Dan)

This experiment was carried out during 2009 and 2010 seasons in fields cultivated with 10 years of Dan and Nebaly cultivars of olive trees in province of Damascus to study the effect of foliar spray of to one of nitrogen (N), boron (B) and zinc (Z) on the leaf area, shoot length, number of flowers, leaves content of mineral elements, fertilization. These elements were sprayed individually or combined together four times during the growing season as follows: nitrogen (5 g/l), boric acid (2g /l), zinc sulfate (2g/ l), nitrogen + boric acid, nitrogen + zinc sulfate, Boric acid + Zinc sulfate, and nitrogen + boric acid + zinc sulphate) at the same rates in single spray.

Canonical Correlation Analysis for Understanding The Relationship Between Root and Shoot Morphological Traits in Barley Under Contrasting Moisture Stress Condition During Early Growth Stage

Understanding the relationship between root system and shoot related traits is an important objective in crop breeding programs. Canonical correlation analysis has been adopted to study the strength of association between the root morphological traits and shoot morphological traits under low-moisture stress and well-watered conditions and to find the root morphological characters that have the largest influence on shoot-related traits in seedling stage. Most of the traits under study revealed a significant reduction under low-moisture stress condition except root length which showed a significant increasing under the same condition. Root length and root number were had the largest effect on shoot dry weight and plant height under low-moisture stress and well-watered condition. The results of cumulative redundancy showed that about 45% of the total variability in the shoot-related characters is accounted for by the root morphological characters under control condition and this percentage reduced up to 41% under moisture stress.

Effect of Mineral Fertilization Rates and Method of Superphosphate Application on Some Growth and Fruits Indicators of the Grapevine Cultivar, Al-Helwani

The research experiment was carried out during the 2007, 2008 and 2009, seasons on grape variety Al- Helawani (10 years old) to study the effect of N.P.K. fertilization rates and the triple superphosphate (T.S.P) application method on some fruits characters and growth indicators. Three fertilization N.P.K rates were used, rate 1 (75:25:50) kg/ ha, twofold and fourfold of rate 1, in three replicates in addition to control. The application of (T.S.P) was on soil surface and at 30 cm depth, the percent of leaf area, shoot length, the degree of berry colour, berry firmness were calculated. The results showed a significant increase of leaf area, shoot length and the Berry colour compared to control. The third rate was the best for increasing the leaf area and shoot length, while the first and second rates were increased the colour of Berry. At the same time, there was a gradual significant decrease in Berry firmness compared to control when the rate of fertilizer was increased. It was also noted a significant increase in leaf area (11%) and shoot length (4.5%) in deep T.S.P application compared to the surface application.

In Vitro Multiplication of Bitter Almond (Amygdalus communis L.)

In vitro rooting was significantly increased by adding indolebutyric acid (IBA) to medium and rooting was improved by adding ١,٠ g/L activated charcoal or ٠,١ g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Indoleacetic acid (IAA) (٠,٠ to ٤,٠ mg/L) was not effective for rooting except when used with ٠,١ g/L PVP. A ٩٥٪ survival was achieved when plants were acclimatized ex vitro. Such procedures could help significantly in clonally propagating bitter almond and conserving its germplasm.