Moral Stories: Situated Reasoning about Norms, Intents, Actions, and their Consequences

In social settings, much of human behavior is governed by unspoken rules of conduct rooted in societal norms. For artificial systems to be fully integrated into social environments, adherence to such norms is a central prerequisite. To investigate whether language generation models can serve as behavioral priors for systems deployed in social settings, we evaluate their ability to generate action descriptions that achieve predefined goals under normative constraints. Moreover, we examine if models can anticipate likely consequences of actions that either observe or violate known norms, or explain why certain actions are preferable by generating relevant norm hypotheses. For this purpose, we introduce Moral Stories, a crowd-sourced dataset of structured, branching narratives for the study of grounded, goal-oriented social reasoning. Finally, we propose decoding strategies that combine multiple expert models to significantly improve the quality of generated actions, consequences, and norms compared to strong baselines.

An unsupervised framework for tracing textual sources of moral change

Morality plays an important role in social well-being, but people's moral perception is not stable and changes over time. Recent advances in natural language processing have shown that text is an effective medium for informing moral change, but no attempt has been made to quantify the origins of these changes. We present a novel unsupervised framework for tracing textual sources of moral change toward entities through time. We characterize moral change with probabilistic topical distributions and infer the source text that exerts prominent influence on the moral time course. We evaluate our framework on a diverse set of data ranging from social media to news articles. We show that our framework not only captures fine-grained human moral judgments, but also identifies coherent source topics of moral change triggered by historical events. We apply our methodology to analyze the news in the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrate its utility in identifying sources of moral change in high-impact and real-time social events.

Analysis of Nuanced Stances and Sentiment Towards Entities of US Politicians through the Lens of Moral Foundation Theory

The Moral Foundation Theory suggests five moral foundations that can capture the view of a user on a particular issue. It is widely used to identify sentence-level sentiment. In this paper, we study the Moral Foundation Theory in tweets by US politicians on two politically divisive issues - Gun Control and Immigration. We define the nuanced stance of politicians on these two topics by the grades given by related organizations to the politicians. First, we identify moral foundations in tweets from a huge corpus using deep relational learning. Then, qualitative and quantitative evaluations using the corpus show that there is a strong correlation between the moral foundation usage and the politicians' nuanced stance on a particular topic. We also found substantial differences in moral foundation usage by different political parties when they address different entities. All of these results indicate the need for more intense research in this area.

The Extent to Which High School Principals Exercise Ethical Leadership And Its Relation to Some Variables Field Study From the Point of View of Teachers in the City of Latakia

The objective of the research is to identify the level of the practice of secondary school principals in Lattakia for ethical leadership from the point of view of teachers according to the following axes: the administrative qualities of the headmaster, the administrative qualities of the principal, human relations. And to study the differences between the teachers 'estimates of the degree of their managers' conduct of the ethical leadership due to the variables: gender, scientific qualification and the number of years of service. The research was based on a descriptive approach. The research community included all teachers in secondary education in Lattakia. The sample of the research was a random sample of 250 teachers and schools. The survey questionnaire was distributed to them. 233 of them were fully researched and valid for statistical analysis. With a response rate of (93.2%). The results of the study showed that the level of secondary school principals in Lattakia for moral leadership from the point of view of teachers was high. Human relations came first, followed by moral personality traits, followed by moral administrative qualities. The results also showed no statistically significant differences between the teachers 'estimates of their managers' level of ethical leadership according to gender variables, years of service and scientific qualification.

The Role Of Incentives in Achieving Functional Commitment: A Survey Of Employees At Syriatel Communications

The objective of this study is to study the relationship between incentives (Material, moral) and functional commitment (Affective, Continuance, Normative). The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for data collection, they distributed this questionnaire to a random sample of 352 workers at Syriatel Communications, The researchers used the Pearson coefficient to study the relationship between incentives as an independent variable and functional commitment as a dependent variable. The researchers used the SPSS program version 20 to conduct statistical tests of research hypotheses. The research found that there was a strong moral relationship between the Material and moral incentives applied in Syriatel with the three types of functional commitment, but in varying degrees, and the strongest relationship between Material incentives and affective commitment, the Pearson correlation coefficient was / 0.989/. The researchers recommended the need to increase transportation allowance for employees; taking into account the views and suggestions of employees; and work to strengthen the organizational culture that emphasizes the sense of belonging to the company and the loyalty to it.

The Moral Position of the Robert Maltos Population Theory

This research attempts to shed light on the issue of growing or uncontrolled population growth, especially from the point of view of Robert Maltus as one of the inhabitants who left their silence in this area. This study also addresses several key aspects: First, the reasons behind population growth such as migration, low mortality due to improved health care, attention to women's reproductive health and availability of medication. Second: the relationship between both the population increase and the food problem, from the point of view of Maltos, who believes that there is a direct relationship between the two variables, the more the population has worsened the problem of food. Thirdly, reference is made to the main effects that unbalanced population growth may have on the environment on the one hand, such as continued logging, population expansion, the need for fresh drinking water, pollution of air, water, soil, and the inability to absorb waste. On the social side, poverty, unemployment and the low social level, . The most prominent solutions presented by Maltos to solve the population problem include ethical barriers and natural contraindications. Fifth: To review some attitudes on the population issue such as the theory of Thomas Sadler, James Stewart, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and to indicate the extent of intersection or difference with the theory of Maltos.

The role of the mother in the moral education of the child

This study deals with the role that the mother should play in raising her children in a virtuous and benign education in order to provide them with the necessary values that enable them to assume their future responsibilities at all levels. The study deals with many aspects, first: the nature of the role of the mother in the upbringing of her children, second: the general rules used in raising children, the moral needs of childhood, Sixth: Ethical values necessary for raising children healthy education. In conclusion, several proposals were made to contribute to the goal of the study to take advantage of the mother's creative abilities in raising children and to prepare a healthy, moral and moral generation armed with good morals as a way to make a successful future.

Moral intelligence and its self-esteem among a sample of Colleges of Education and Engineering Informatics at the University of Damascus students

This research aims to reveal the relationship between moral intelligence and selfesteem among a sample of third-year students in the College of Education and Engineering Informatics at the University of Damascus, also it aims to find out the differences between third-year students in the College of Education and Engineering Informatics at the University of Damascus in moral intelligence and self-esteem depending on the variable Specialization (psychological counseling, Informatics Engineering), and variable sex (male and female), has formed research sample of 310 students from the third year students in the College of Education and Engineering Informatics at the University of Damascus, distributors to (72) to guide myself and (238) Engineering Informatics, randomly selected class of the College of Education and Informatics Engineering at Damascus University. The measure applied to them moral intelligence and a measure of self-esteem of the researcher after the Pttbaiqama the exploratory sample confirmed Sedkhma and Thbathma.

The Narrative Functions of the Chorus in Selected English Renaissance Plays

This paper aims at studying the narrative functions of the stack Chorus in selected English Renaissance plays: Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus, Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, Ben Jonson's Volpone. This study offers a close reading of the speeches delivered by the Chorus, and shows their narration of the events and their moral commentaries. This emphasizes their didactic significance because they sum up the events, interpret the vague ones and endorse the play's desired message . this paper concludes that Jonson develops the stock Chorus by having recourse to other characters who perform this communicative and didactic role. Here lies Jonson's contribution to this conventional figure.

The impact of administrative leadership style on staff morale in the Syrian Ministry of Higher Education

This research aims to identify the leadership styles in general and the established pattern of leadership in the Syrian Ministry of Higher Education in particular, and the impact of this pattern on the morale of the employees of this party. The research sample consisted of two hundred and fifteen male and female employees of various administrative levels in the Syrian Ministry of Higher Education and (Bass & Avolio, 1995) were used to measure the pattern of the leadership, and the (Bilbeisi 2013) to measure the morale. They have used the statistical methods which were suitable for the purpose of the questionnaires that were distributed to the study sample to examine the moral relationship to the variables of the study using the Statistical Package SPSS which is a program analysis for Social Science. The final result of the research is that the used pattern of the leadership in this Ministry is the transformational leadership pattern, followed by the interactive leadership pattern (procedural) and finally the negative pattern, which eventually effect the staff morale in various degrees and their keenness to work, considering that the percentages of compatibility of these patterns came too close together, which can explain or prove that the Administrative leaders in this Ministry; follow all administrative patterns of leadership depending on each case.