Orange fruits contain many materials such as oils in seeds which
have biological and nutritional values, due to that, physical and
chemical properties of orange seed oil (OSO) have been
determined, which extracted from two samples collected from two
areas (Al-ssisanyah and Al-jma'ashyah) which are different in
environmental factors.
The research aims to identify incoming fatty acids in the composition of both the
Syrian domestic oil extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa, fenugreek, borage and
Rocket , using gas chromatography GC, as the goal to identify some of the most i
mportant
physical properties ( density and refractive index ) and chemical ( Iodine number and
saponification number ) utmost to improve and develop the Syrian varieties of the studied
oils.
Search Results showed that borage oil contain the highest proportion of the Poly
unsaturated fatty acids ( 81.5% ) PUFA and the highest percentage of gamma -linolenic
acid ( 14.4% ) GLA, and it was for each of Nigella sativa oil and oil fenugreek close by
percent's of ( 60.89%-60.95% ) PUFA, and overall mono unsaturated fatty acids ( 33.89%-
28.19% ) MUFA and linoleic acid ( 60.71%-58.92% ) LA has the enjoyment of the highest
value oil ring of oleic fatty acid ( 26.72% ), while oil Rocket had the highest values ( 79%)
MUFA so different from the rest of the studied oils. The results of this research clearly
compatible with the results of global studies at the same oils.
The experiment was conducted on 24 brown laying hens at 30
weeks old and were randomly assigned to four groups, each
consisting of six laying hens and put in individual cages stacked in
accordance with the battery system in the unit of poultry fee
d at the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hama, in order to
study the effect of different types of oil and fat on performance,
apparent and true metabolizable energy, and apparent and true fats
digestibility.
This research aimed to study the effect of various growth conditions
(temperature, culture age and culture medium) on the fatty acids composition
of cytoplasm membrane of 37 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrome
try (GC-MS). Results revealed that the total
number of fatty acids of Staph. aureus was 33. Eight of them were principle and
included: anti-isotetradecanoic acid (aC15:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0),
eicosanoic acid (C20:0), isotetradecanoic acid (Ci14:0), isotridecanoic acid
(Ci15:0), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), antisohexa- decanoic acid (Ca17:0) and
octadecenoic acid (C18:1) with a percentage of 33.96, 18.37, 14.94, 7.32, 6.23,
4.14, 3.03 and 2.89%, respectively. The percentage of each of the other fatty
acids was less than 1%. Increasing the incubation temperature was associated
with reducing the percentages of Ca15:0, Ci15:0, C16:0 and C18:1; and
increasing Ca17:0, Ci14:0, C18:0 and C20:0. The increase in incubation period
caused a decrease in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C20:0; and an increase in Ca15:0
and Ca17:0. Moreover, the variation in culture media caused differences in the
percent of Ca15:0, C18:0 and C20:0; while the other fatty acids showed no
changes.
Four varieties of Safflower seeds grown in Syria in the spring and winter of
2011 were selected.
The Safflower oil was separated from those seeds by extraction using
petroleum ether, and determined the percentage of oil in all studied samples,
th
e proportion of oil ranged from 23.5 to 28.2 % in the winter planting period
and 28.5 to 30.3 % in the spring planting period.
The extracted oils were esterficated for the Gas chromatographic analysis
in order to show the effect of planting period change in the content of fatty
acids. It turns out that the most abundant fatty acid is an Linoleic acid (C18:2)
followed by oleic acid in all items except item N7 grown in the spring which
have convergent rate.
It also shows an increase in the content of (C16:0 and C18:0 and C18:1) and a
decrease in (C18:2) with a change in the period of planting from spring to winter,
except item N7, which showed a decrease in content of (C18:1) and increase in its
content of (C16:0 and C18:0 and C18:2), which led to a change in the iodine value
and all the wintry categories have become half dry oils.
The results indicate that planting period can be an effective major factor in
the quality of oil and fatty acids within its composition, so the ideal period of
planting is very important.
Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between dimeric fatty acid
C36 with 1.3 Diamino propane and 1.4 Diamino butane and 1.6 Diamino hexane
and 1.8 Diamino octane in molten phase. The reaction was performed at 145ºC.
The polyamidation r
eaction was found to be on the overall a second order up to
83% conversion for reaction dimeric fatty acid C36 with 1.3 Diamino propane
and 86% conversion for reaction dimeric fatty acid C36 with 1.4 Diamino
butane and 87% conversion for reaction dimeric fatty acid C36 with 1.6
Diamino hexane and 1.8 Diamino octane then the reaction order changes to the
third order above last conversion. The degree of polymerization,number
average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight have been
calculated during different times. Their relationships with the times are linear
until last conversion. The melting point and thermodynamic constants for
melting are determined by use of differential scanning calorimetry DSC. The
melting point and thermodynamic constants increase by increasing the length
of reacted amine series.
Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between 2-Methyl 1,5
diaminopentane and dimeric fatty acids in melt phase. The reaction was
performed at 113, 130, 140, 155, and 164 ºC and followed by determining the
acid value of the product .The
polyamidation reaction was found to be of
overall second order with an activation energy of 45.48 k cal⁄g mol up to (52, 57,
79, 80, 86)% conversion at (113, 130, 140, 155, 164) ºC and overall third order
with an activation energy of 43.73 k cal⁄g mol above (52, 57, 79, 80, 86)%
conversion at (113, 130, 140, 155, 164) ºC.
Terebinth trees have been occupying a good part of the mount of Syrian
(abed elaziz, pelass). The Pistacia atlantica fruit, rich in oil, is used by local
inhabitants in many ways, few studies investigation of the P. atlantica fruit oil
of Syria ha
s been carried out,This study investigates the protein, ash, crude oil
and oil composition of P. atlantica with respect to total phenol, iodine value and
saponification value, in order to classify it among the other known edible oils
thenafter compare the oil composition with the oils of other Pistacia species.
The fruit of P.atlantica appears to be rich in oil. The major fatty acid in the
sample studied are oleic, linoleic, our results show that. The oil has a higher
content of unsaturated FA (oleic + linoleic = 72%). The oil can be classified as
an oleo-linoleic vegetable oil. The biochemical data showed an elevated MUFA
content (50-48%) which may constitute an important property against certain
pathologies for its nutritional and preventive virtues.
Thirteen phenotypes of cultivated wild olive were selected during 2007- 2008
from four orchards in Mesiaf region, to study oil percentage and fatty acids
contents in these types for choosing types for oil production, in order to
propagate and cons
erve them in a germplasm, and then to be cultivated
because they have adapted to local climate in this region. The results were
analyzed statistically by using Gen-State program to calculate least significant
differences between values. The results confirmed the high biodiversity in these
studied types, and they were classified into five groups according to their oil
percentage and contents of oleic acid. The oil percentage ranged from 3.9 to
27.3 %, and the fatty acids had significant differences between them, the oleic
acid was in olive oil between 56.7 and 75.5%. The types P1-1 and p1-3 showed
the best results for producing oil.
Ten samples of dry, cooked Chickpea, Homos with Tahina, and Falafel were
randomly collected from different places in Damascus and urban side during
2003-2004 with an average weight of 200g for each sample. Chemical
composition, amino acids, fatty
acids, and minerals were determined to
investigate the effect of cooking and frying on the nutritional value of chickpea
products.
