Epistemological Obstacles in the media

Epistemology as a modern science that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, , Especially after the earthquake of the basic physical and chemical sciences motivated by revolutionary theories such as relativism, suspicion, quantum and other where she said the epistemology of all science ... What next? this science extended to all sciences (physics, mathematics, logic, history, curriculum, psychology, media … etc) in a horizontal way, where these sciences have become a basic and important discipline of epistemology, including the science of the media, which is defined as the transmission of information (knowledge, events, cultural spiritual values) by means of technical ways to many and wide numbers of the masses. The media in this sense communicates with the masses, which is the objective expression of the mentality , culture and spirit of society, which constitute the logical basis for this community. The media after the rapid technological development at the beginning of the twentieth century can be considered as science as the rest of science, which are linked with each other, through its general and specific theories, representing by measuring tools and scientific methods. Here lies the importance of this research, which deals with the relationship between the media and epistemology, and their participation in the analysis of the cognitive process and the production of the media content, since the epistemology is a higher level activity, the subject of it is the science itself, it is thinking about science. As we said above the media is a new science, and who controls this science and the operator of it is the journalist who deals all time with new information, as the media message or media content, is manufactured by a specialist. This intellectual cognitive process deserves to be stopped, especially as it corresponds to the scientific thinking that meant the epistemology of a critical study and analysis and discover its holdings and talk about its obstacles. This research also aims to overcome the cognitive obstacles that Bashaalar said, which suffers from every worker in the general knowledge of humanity, the scientific and media thinking in particular, and the scientific thinking of those which is based on the media process . In order to reach the scientific stage and beyond the non-scientific stage.

The Concept of the Epistemological Obstacle at Gaston Bachellar and its Essential Forms

The importance of this research is that it is one of the rare researches that touch on the philosophy of science at the French philosopher Gaston Bachler, And the role played by this philosopher in the development of the science of epistemology through the epistemological concepts that he introduced to this science, Such as the concept of epistemological obstacle and the concept of epistemological estrangement in addition to the concept of temporal regression and the relationship of these concepts with each other, which contributed to the enrichment of the epistemology and its evolution.

المعوقات التمويلية للمشروعات الصغيرة و المتوسطة في سورية

The study aimed to look at the importance of small and medium enterprises, and to identify the financing constraints faced by small and medium enterprises in Syria and that hamper their growth and development and to identify the role of banks and financial institutions and their difficulties in financing small and medium enterprises sector in Syria.

Applying Six Sigma Management Development strategy in the service sectors "A case study Local Administration and Environment"

This paper reviews the obstacles that hinder the application of Six Sigma strategy in the services sector specially the case under study. The most common obstacles, to application of Six Sigma strategy, has been identified depending on the reference study, then a questionnaire was designed to determine the likelihood occurrence of obstacles and the degree of its importance where the disability level identified by integrating the standard probability and the expected importance, later another questionnaire was designed to determine the possible procedures that could avoid obstacles to be able to apply the Six Sigma strategy.

The Reality and the Obstacles of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (An Applied Study on A Sample of Firms Subject to the Regulations of the Syrian Commission on Financial Markets & Securities)

This research aimed to identify the reality and obstacles of corporate social responsibility disclosure in firms subject to the regulations of the Syrian Commission on Financial Markets & Securities. To achieve the purpose of the study, data was collected for 29 firms registered in the Commission whereby the managers of these firms responded to the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using percentages, frequencies, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results of the study showed that the Syrian firms include social responsibility issues in their work strategies, and that the Syrian government worked on the issuance of many laws that regulate and guide the work of firms in the field of social responsibility. However, the results also revealed that the weakness in legislations related to the disclosure of corporate social responsibility; the weakness in the firm’s culture towards the concept of social responsibility; the costs arising from disclosure and related to the collection and dissemination of information; and the negative impact of disclosure costs on the profitability of the disclosing firm are all obstacles toward corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Determinants of corporate bond issuance in the shareholding Corporations An empirical study on listed Firms in the Damascus Securities Exchange (DES)

The study aimed to provide a new evidence of the importance and role of corporate bonds to raise their effectiveness and ensuring its success and survival in the world of business, through their ability to increase profits and maximize shareholder wealth. The study is a serious attempt to identify the viewpoint of the management of shareholding corporations listed on the DSE about the impediments to launch their bond even though of the advantages offered. The study was applied on a clustered sample of corporations listed on the stock exchange, according to the company sector, and the questionnaire to managers and heads of departments, to test the study hypotheses and analyze them by using SPSS package (Version 20), The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The following conclusions were reached: There is a relationship between shareholding corporations' awareness and understanding of the advantages of bonds, and taking the decision by issuing them and the fear of launching bonds being convinced of constraints. And the limitations of full understanding of the advantages of bonds of the decision makers prevents launching of bonds. The study recommended the need to activate the bond market and encourage shareholding corporations to issue bonds in particular as tax-exempt financial instrument with the encouragement of the zero bond being suited to a wide range of investors and savers we are witnessing currently and providing the necessary facilities and facilitate necessary to launch bonds especially under current economics in Syria.

Obstacles decision facing basic education schools in the city of Homs

The study aimed to identify obstacles to the decision facing basic education schools managers from the perspective of managers, as well as to know the difference in views on obstacles to decisionmaking depending on variable of the educational qualification and years of experience, and the study population consisted of all the managers of basic education schools in Homs City totaling (77).

The impact of internet marketing obstacles the intention of e-procurement “A field study on students of the collages in Tartous”

The objective of this research is to identify the obstacles to the use of internet marketing by individuals, has been relying on descriptive analytical method, a questionnaire was developed and make sure of his sincerity and the persistence coefficient, the questionnaire was distributed to the students of the Faculty the second of Economy in Tartous, in order to obtain necessary data for the study. The study found the following results: There were no statistically significant differences between (the Internet infrastructure, the expected risk, distrust for electronic marketing, legislation and laws) and the faith in e-procurement, while no statistically significant relationship between the weakness of experience and awareness of internet marketing and intent in e-procurement and these results back to the nature of the sample taken. The study was presented a set of recommendations including: the need to raise awareness of and confidence in scientific knowledge about the importance of internet marketing, and the need to increase awareness of the importance of the use of computer.

The Obstacles of Applyingthe Electronic Management A Survey Study onthe Telecommunications Companies in Lattakia

This study aimed to examine the obstacles and problems that facing the telecommunications companies in Lattakia in electronic management application, and try to reach a set of recommendations and proposals that are expected to help the companies under study to overcome these obstacles. To achieve this, the researcher analyzed the relationship between the presence of all of the obstacles (administrative, financial, legislative, technical, human, and security), and the application of electronic management. This was done through a survey on telecommunications companies in Latakia (PTC, Syriatel) company,The size of research sample was /60/unit.The study found that there is a relationship between the presence of all of the obstacles (administrative, financial, legislative, technical, human, and security), and the application of electronic management in the companies under study.

Obstacles Which Contradict applying the School’s Activities from the Perspective of Principles of the Basic learning stage at Homs city

The research aimed to acknowledge the most important obstacles which contradict applying the school’s activities from the perspective of principles of the basic learning stage at Homs city. It concluded 30 principles (male and female), and for that goal the researcher designed a geared to investigate principles’ points of view about the most important obstacles.