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Register a new userThe Concept of the Epistemological Obstacle at Gaston Bachellar and its Essential Forms
مفهوم العقبة الإبستمولوجية عند غاستون باشلار و أشكالها الأساسية
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تكمن أهمية هذا البحث في كونه من الأبحاث النادرة التي تتطرق إلى فلسفة العلم عند الفيلسوف الفرنسي غاستون باشلار و الدور الذي لعبه هذا الفيلسوف في تطوير علم الابستمولوجيا من خلال المفاهيم الإبستمولوجية التي أدخلها إلى هذا العلم، كمفهوم العقبة الإبستمولوجية و مفهوم القطيعة الإبستمولوجية إضافة إلى مفهوم التراجع الزمني و علاقة هذه المفاهيم مع بعضها البعض و التي ساهمت في إغناء الابستمولوجيا و تطورها.
The importance of this research is that it is one of the rare researches that touch on the philosophy of science at the French philosopher Gaston Bachler, And the role played by this philosopher in the development of the science of epistemology through the epistemological concepts that he introduced to this science, Such as the concept of epistemological obstacle and the concept of epistemological estrangement in addition to the concept of temporal regression and the relationship of these concepts with each other, which contributed to the enrichment of the epistemology and its evolution.
References used
صلاح ، قنصوه : فلسفة العلم ، دار التنوير ،بيروت ، ط2, 1983.
محمد ، عابد الجابري : مدخل إلى فلسفة العلوم ، دار الطليعة ، بيروت, 1982.
محمد ، وقيدي : ما هي الإبستمولوجية ، دار الحداثة ، بيروت, 1983.
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This research highlights on an important and fundamental issue of the 20th century's most
important philosophers, "Gaston Bachelard", which is the analytical approach to scientific
knowledge of this philosopher and the role played by "Gaston Bachel
ard" in this approach
in formulating a set of scientific concepts that enriched epistemology as the concept of the
epistemological obstacle ,The concept of estrangement and the concept of undo time, with
concentration on importance of the dialectical relationship between these concepts and
their role in the development of scientific knowledge.
This research deals with structure of power and its concept in Farabi's political
philosophy, by analyzing his basic thesis of Utopia, and analyzing the relation between
governor and the parish, and explaining the political connections that control
this city, like
the stratification and ideological structure down to the relationship between the prophecy
and philosophy, all this through systematic reading deals with the power of speech and its
relationships, and the semantic context through which these ideas emerged, and the nature
of cultural relationships that control thought and cultural production in that era. By
understanding Farabi's political ideas and their situation of speech context emerged the
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the category of existing power at that time which was based on tradition and the sanctity of
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reconstructing and integrating them in the context of the Islamic intellectual on the one
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religious feudal authority, and on the other hand its unique feature and characteristic
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Epistemology as a modern science that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, ,
Especially after the earthquake of the basic physical and chemical sciences motivated by
revolutionary theories such as relativism, suspicion, quantum and other w
here she said the
epistemology of all science ... What next?
this science extended to all sciences (physics, mathematics, logic, history, curriculum,
psychology, media … etc) in a horizontal way, where these sciences have become a basic and
important discipline of epistemology, including the science of the media, which is defined as
the transmission of information (knowledge, events, cultural spiritual values) by means of
technical ways to many and wide numbers of the masses. The media in this sense
communicates with the masses, which is the objective expression of the mentality , culture and
spirit of society, which constitute the logical basis for this community.
The media after the rapid technological development at the beginning of the twentieth
century can be considered as science as the rest of science, which are linked with each other,
through its general and specific theories, representing by measuring tools and scientific
methods.
Here lies the importance of this research, which deals with the relationship between the
media and epistemology, and their participation in the analysis of the cognitive process and the
production of the media content, since the epistemology is a higher level activity, the subject of
it is the science itself, it is thinking about science.
As we said above the media is a new science, and who controls this science and the
operator of it is the journalist who deals all time with new information, as the media message
or media content, is manufactured by a specialist. This intellectual cognitive process deserves
to be stopped, especially as it corresponds to the scientific thinking that meant the
epistemology of a critical study and analysis and discover its holdings and talk about its
obstacles.
This research also aims to overcome the cognitive obstacles that Bashaalar said, which
suffers from every worker in the general knowledge of humanity, the scientific and media
thinking in particular, and the scientific thinking of those which is based on the media process
. In order to reach the scientific stage and beyond the non-scientific stage.
Studies and research about rhetoric have varied concerning the definition of rhetoric,
but most of them look at rhetoric from on side only. Rhetoric was classified as being a kind
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means and components.
But it is certain that the political and social conditions of the greak life, led these
philosophical studies and linguistic research especially, rhetoric. This made Aristotle
divide rhetoric into three sections.
The research delt with two main titles, the first one was Rhetoric according to
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is a speaker and expressor who naturally looks for persuasion. In his speech, he tries to
convince as many people as possible. To do this, he uses many instinctive means. Aristotle
was concerned with rhetoric due to its mental and psychological sides.
He tried to find a kind of balance between the means of persuasion and means of
influence. He made convincing help infuencing. He diffentiated between kinds of proofs,
the made proofs and the non made proofs. The other ones were the base of the rhetoric
structure for Aristotle. The argumentative linguistic text is different from other texts that it
builds an interactive structure based on some means that aim to persuade and affect the
recipient.
Research and technological innovation has contributed over the last
decade to improve the performance of the specified elements for
construction, such as, walls, ceilings, windows and construction
equipment like, ventilation and cooling equipments
, lighting, where those
elements produce opportunities to improve the efficiency through the
translation of a dynamic term to the functions, features and physical and
thermal behavior of the components of the construction, which may
change over time and thus adapt with different requirements of
construction and occupancy of variable climatic conditions which is
called Adaptive Architecture.
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