The study was carried out in apple orchard and at the laboratories of Agricultural
Scientific Research Center, and Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida (GCSAR),
Syria, during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of organic
res
idues, and boron and zinc addition on some soil characters, fruit set ratio and
some fruits qualitative traits in Starking delicious apple cultivar in Sweida.
Ash toxicity of burning pruning residues of three plant species i.e. apple, grape and
olive was tested against adults of cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus
(F.) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) using the following concentrations: (5, 10, 20, 40
an
d 80) g/kg of cowpea seed. The study was carried out in incubator at fixed
temperature and humidity at Biotechnology Research Center, Al-baath University.
Readings were taken after (24, 48 and 72) h of treatment, and corrected mortality
rates were calculated and values of LC50, LC90, LT50 and LT90.
The study investigated the survival ability of probiotic Lactobacillus
casei in apple juice to produce functional juice ,as well as,
optimizing the growth conditions of L.casei in apple juice including
concentration, temperature ,inoculum size usi
ng Response Surface
Methodology as statistical method.
This investigation was conducted at Pome and grapevine Division in Sweida,
General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), and at Ira
Agricultural Nursery, during 2011 and 2012 seasons, to detect the genetic variation
among five ap
ple seedling genotypes in Mafaala Malus communis fields, and within
the seedlings produced from them, using 10 SSR primer pairs.
This investigation was carried out in the fields and laboratories of Pome and
Grapevine Department, GCSAR/Syria, on some apple varieties i.e. Richared,
Mutsu and Tourly Winsap to determine the optimal harvest date and its effect on
storability. Fr
uits were harvested in (16/9, 26/9, 7/10, 17/10 and 30/10) depending
on physical and chemical maturity indicators, and stored with the study of changing
in quality indicators and weight lost monthly. The results showed that the studied
varieties differed in their storability according to harvest date, Richared fruits in
26/9 showed long storage for seven months with weight loss of 4.9%, fruit firmness
6.4 kg/cm2, and 18.7% TSS. While the storability was six months for Mutsu fruits
which harvested in 7/10 with weight loss of 4.4%, and fruit firmness 6.1 kg/cm2,
and finally, Tourly Winsap fruits which were stored for five months in 7 and 17/10
harvest dates with fruit firmness 5.1 kg/cm2. Moreover, the three varieties were able
to storage for three months when harvested in 30/10 with weight loss of 3.3%, 4.4%
and 4.5% in Tourly Winsap, Richared and Mutsu respectively, which considered
as consuming maturity for these varieties. These results indicated to the various
storage periods according to fruits harvest time, and the storability, which assists
in regulating offer and demand, and providing markets with fruits for long period,
however harvesting at optimal time reducing the total weight loss, in addition to
high quality indicators.
This study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research center In Sweida -
GCSAR to study the effect of potassium sulfate and organic manure on some of soil
characteristic in addition to tree growth vigor and fruit traits of Starking del
icious apple
cultivar. The results revealed significant effect in reducing the (pH) of the soil in the three
treatments; potassium sulfate fertilization, organic manure fertilization and application of
potassium sulfate and organic manure together which were (6.608), (6.708) and (6.558),
respectively, in the comparison with the control (6.768). In addition, significant differences
were shown in the (EC) between the former treatments (0.1532 ds / m), (0.1692 ds / m) and
(0.0937 ds / m) compared to the control (0.2217 ds / m). Concerning growth vigor and fuit
traits, the results showed a significant increase in the average of shoot length in the
previous treatments (66.43, 77.33 and 71.37 cm, respectively), compared to the control
(59.37 cm), while showed a significant increase in leaf area in organic manure treatment
and potassium sulfate with organic manure together (35.54 and 37.21 cm 2, respectively),
compared to the control (30.54 cm 2). The results of analysis of variance in fruit firmness
showed higher significant variation of potassium treatment (8.477 kg / cm 2) than the
other treatments which, also revealed significant increase of total soluble solids
(16.82%,15.2% and15.37%,respectively) compared to the control (14.23%), and a
significant increase in total sugars and in percentage of treatable acidity. Consequently, the
result showed that the addition of soil fertilizers treatment contributed to improve some of
soil characters, tree growth vigor and some of the quantitative and qualitative traits of
apple fruits.
This research was carried out on (10) years old ( Golden delicious & Starking
delicious ) apple trees . which were planted in AlKafron region – Tartus Governorate under
high density system .
The research aims to study the effect of severity of dor
mant pruning on yield of apple
trees during (2012-2013) .
There were the results were found :
1- There wasn't any effect of pruning treatments on total soluble solids content or
total sugars .
2- Pruning treatments were better than control in fruit set in both cultivars , in
Golden delicious, were ( 40.75 - 33.20 %) in severe Pruning and control, respectively , in
starking delicious , were (31.35 – 26.30 %) in severe Pruning and control, respectively ,
and Pruning treatments were better than control in average of weight fruit in both cultivars
, in Golden delicious, were (140.50-129.30) g in severe Pruning and control, respectively ,
in starking delicious , were (151.70-139.90) g in severe Pruning and control, respectively .
3- Pruning treatments resulted to reduce total acidity content .
4- Pruning treatments resulted to reduce yield by (14.19-19.72)% in Golden
delicious and starking delicious , respectively , comparing with control .
This study was conducted in 2013 in Kassab and Alraboa locations that is located in
the province of Latakia, where carried out with the aim of rounds field inventory and
characterization of types of local apples deployed in this locations. Was to d
etermine
which of five local types for apples are: Brobory and Sokary and Cherkhoshy and Malaky
and JbakJian, and the outcome of the analysis of variance at the level / 5% / virtual studied
for recipes of (17) characters for the leaves, blossoms, fruit and seed. These types showed
clear differences formality between each other, in addition to the significant differences in
terms of the content of total sugar, acidity, total soluble solids and the percentage of
vitamin C, by calculating the degree of similarity between these types have found a higher
degree of similarity was between the types Cherkhoshy and Jbak Jian(41.17)% , and the
least was between Malaky and Sokary and between Sokary and Jbak Jian(5.88)% .
Twenty apple varieties were evaluated in the germ plasm of the Agricultural
Scientific Research Center in Swaida for Morphological traits, bud honological
stages, days after full bloom, storability which were ranged between 2.5 – 8
months, and bes
t susceptibility (e.g. wooly aphid and powdery mildew), all
studied varieties showed low susceptibility to wooly aphid, while Jersy Mac
revealed high susceptibility to powdery mildew compared with the other
varieties. The yield of all varieties was studied, so, they divided into: high yield
varieties such Stark Earliest, Royal Gala and Golden 972; Good yield varieties
"Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, and Granny Smith etc."; and moderate
yield varieties" Red Spur Delicious and Rome Beauty". Chemical analysis
(Total soluble solids and total sugars) were achieved for all studied apple
varieties. Apple Varieties were divided into five groups depending on Days
After Full Bloom (DAFB). The present investigation indicted the high
quantitative and qualitative traits of studied varieties which candidate for
credence and distribute them in suitable environmental areas in Syria.
The effect of 1-MCP, CaCl2 and CaCl2 + 1-MCP treatments on the
respiration and ethylene production of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apples was
investigated. Treatments were applied at harvest and apples stored under air
storage (3°C or 10°C) for 0, 2, 4,
6, 8 and 10 weeks. At storage removal apples
were held at 20°C for 7 days shelf-life and respiration and ethylene production
measured. The CO2 rate in the CaCl2 and CaCl2 + 1-MCP treatments was
significantly lower than either the CaCl2 treatment or untreated control. The
CO2 rate reduced steadily during shelf-life especially for the 3°C stored fruit. A
significant effect of storage temperature on the CO2 rate during shelf-life could
not be determined. Application of 1-MCP or CaCl2+1-MCP decreased
significantly ethylene production during shelf-life at all storage periods.
