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The effect of potassium and organic manure on some of the qualitative properties of Starking delicious apple cultivar and some soil characters

تأثير التسميد بالبوتاسيوم و المادة العضوية في النمو و الصفات النوعية لثمار التفاح صنف ستاركنغ ديلشس (Starking Delicious) و بعض خصائص التربة في محافظة السويداء

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 Publication date 2016
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research center In Sweida - GCSAR to study the effect of potassium sulfate and organic manure on some of soil characteristic in addition to tree growth vigor and fruit traits of Starking delicious apple cultivar. The results revealed significant effect in reducing the (pH) of the soil in the three treatments; potassium sulfate fertilization, organic manure fertilization and application of potassium sulfate and organic manure together which were (6.608), (6.708) and (6.558), respectively, in the comparison with the control (6.768). In addition, significant differences were shown in the (EC) between the former treatments (0.1532 ds / m), (0.1692 ds / m) and (0.0937 ds / m) compared to the control (0.2217 ds / m). Concerning growth vigor and fuit traits, the results showed a significant increase in the average of shoot length in the previous treatments (66.43, 77.33 and 71.37 cm, respectively), compared to the control (59.37 cm), while showed a significant increase in leaf area in organic manure treatment and potassium sulfate with organic manure together (35.54 and 37.21 cm 2, respectively), compared to the control (30.54 cm 2). The results of analysis of variance in fruit firmness showed higher significant variation of potassium treatment (8.477 kg / cm 2) than the other treatments which, also revealed significant increase of total soluble solids (16.82%,15.2% and15.37%,respectively) compared to the control (14.23%), and a significant increase in total sugars and in percentage of treatable acidity. Consequently, the result showed that the addition of soil fertilizers treatment contributed to improve some of soil characters, tree growth vigor and some of the quantitative and qualitative traits of apple fruits.


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Research summary
تُعنى هذه الدراسة التي أُجريت في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية في السويداء بتأثير إضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية على بعض خصائص التربة والنمو والصفات النوعية لثمار التفاح من صنف 'Starking Delicious'. أظهرت النتائج تأثيرًا معنويًا في خفض درجة حموضة التربة وزيادة الناقلية الكهربائية عند إضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية معًا. كما أظهرت زيادة معنوية في طول الطرود ومساحة الأوراق عند إضافة المادة العضوية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهرت النتائج تفوق معاملة البوتاسيوم في صلابة الثمار وزيادة نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة والسكريات الكلية والنسبة المئوية للحموضة. بناءً على هذه النتائج، يُنصح بإضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية إلى التربة لتحسين خصائص التربة وقوة نمو الأشجار والصفات الكمية والنوعية لثمار التفاح.
Critical review
تقدم الدراسة معلومات قيمة حول تأثير التسميد بالبوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية على نمو وخصائص ثمار التفاح. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح أو التحسين. على سبيل المثال، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل المناخ والتربة على النتائج. كما أن الدراسة اعتمدت على فترة زمنية محدودة، مما قد يؤثر على دقة النتائج على المدى الطويل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة لمزيد من التجارب الميدانية في مناطق مختلفة للتحقق من تعميم النتائج.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو دراسة تأثير إضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية على بعض خصائص التربة والنمو والصفات النوعية لثمار التفاح صنف 'Starking Delicious'.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية المتعلقة بخصائص التربة؟

    أظهرت النتائج تأثيرًا معنويًا في خفض درجة حموضة التربة وزيادة الناقلية الكهربائية عند إضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية معًا.

  3. كيف أثرت المعاملات المختلفة على نمو الأشجار؟

    أظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في طول الطرود ومساحة الأوراق عند إضافة المادة العضوية، وتفوق معاملة البوتاسيوم في صلابة الثمار.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    توصي الدراسة بإضافة كبريتات البوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية إلى التربة في بساتين التفاح وفق الاحتياجات المطلوبة بناءً على تحليل التربة لتحسين خصائص التربة وقوة نمو الأشجار والصفات الكمية والنوعية للثمار.


References used
AL-IMAM, N. M.A.A., Abd-Alrahman M.A. Al-Brifkany. 2010, Effect of Nitrogen ، Fertilizers and foliar application of Boron on fruit set, vegetative growth and yield of Anna Apple cultivar (Malus domestica Borkh ). Mesopotamia J. of Agric.vol. 38 (4): P 12-22
BAYRAM, M.A.; S.Clock ; A. yasar and G.Caglar 2007 , Effect of fertilizer rate of the growth , yield and fruit characteristics of dried apricot ( Cv. Hacihaliloglu) .Asian journal of plant sciences , 6(2) : 294- 297
BELL, N. ،D.M. Sullivan ،L.J. Brewer ،and J. Hart. 2003. Improving Garden Soils with Organic Matter. Oregon State University. Extension Service Publications. EC 1561:P 16
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The study was carried out in apple orchard and at the laboratories of Agricultural Scientific Research Center, and Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida (GCSAR), Syria, during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of organic res idues, and boron and zinc addition on some soil characters, fruit set ratio and some fruits qualitative traits in Starking delicious apple cultivar in Sweida.
The study was conducted at the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, during the season of 2002 and 2003, in order to study the effect of dipping apple fruits for the tow apple sorts for 5 minutes with some chemic al substances, α-Tocopherol (0.25%) and Prohexadion-Calcium (1%). The fruits were stored at AlMaze cold storage unit under the normal storage condition (0-1ºC, 93% R.H.), to find out some effects of these treatments on some physical, chemical, and physiological changes of treated and untreated apple fruits, especially: fruit weight, firmness, starch, and soluble solids content. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in storage ability of both fruit apple samples in case of dipped fruits in Procalcium solution 1% compared with control fruits. The tocopherol treated fruits were sometimes significant. The results showed a reduction in fruit weight in case of treated sample during cold storage time. Fruit firmness was significantly better in both treatments of procalcium 1% and tocopherol 0.25%compared with control, and reducing physiological disorders during cold storage period.
In this research, we have studied the effects of some summer pruning at the mid June and Juli, in addition to the common periodical winter pruning during February. Both studies were done to evaluate calcium concentration of fruits, quality and yi eld the apearance of physiological disorders during the storage and fruits. Experiments were conducted on 8 year apple trees of Starking Delicious and Golden Delicious, which are sensiitve to laek of calcium and as a result caused bitter-pit as an important physiological disorder on apple fruits. Summer pruning of apple trees at mid june increases their content of calcium and their colors, also decreases physiological disorder, weight loss during storage, without affecting the annual yield of trees. Accorrding to the attained results, we recommend the farmers of apple trees to follow summer pruning, because of its benefits on improving the condition of trees and achieving the balance between vegetative and generative growth, and reduced the alternate Summer pruning. Also improve the quality of fruits, their storability and their resistance for some physiological disorders during storage.
The reasearch was carried out during 2009 – 2010 in Al – Hasaka – Amoda - to study the effect of cattle manure at the rat of 30 ton / ha , and four organic green manure ( Lentil, Vetch, Faba bean and Barely) on soil content of organic matter and so me mineral elements compared with chemical fertilizer 400 kg / ha urea , 83 kg / ha P2O5 and 25 kg / ha K2O . The manure significantly increased organic matter , phosphorus and potassium concentrations compared with other fertilizers ( chemical and green fertilizers ) . All green fertilizers ( Lentil , Vetch , Faba bean and Barely ) significantly increased organic matter , nitrogen and potassium concentration compared with the control without using any fertilizer , the tillage depth ( 0 – 10 ) cm significantly increased soil content of organic matter and nitrogen compared with deeper tillage ( 25 – 30 ) cm during the two seasons .
This research was carried out through the 201-2011 and 201-/2012 seasons on 26-year-old trees of AL– Ashouri Pistachio cultivar grown in clay soil, in a private orchard in Souran region (Hama province). Four types of organic green fertilizers (Len tils, Vetch, equal mixture from Lentils and Vetch and mix of these legumes with barley), in addition to the control, to study their effects on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pistachio nut. Results showed that the use of green fertilizers caused significant increase in studied indicators and the best treatment was mix of legumes with barley (45% Lentils, 45% vetch, 10% Barley), which achieved the highest significant values، where average of weight of the 100 nuts was 107.45 g during the two seasons, the average of weight of the 100 kernel was 67.08 g, average of length of shell was 20.85mm and an annual yield was 32 kg/ tree, compared with control, which achieved 87.50g, 40.25g, 18.08 mm and 16.75 kg, respectively.

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