Deep learning models exhibit a preference for statistical fitting over logical reasoning. Spurious correlations might be memorized when there exists statistical bias in training data, which severely limits the model performance especially in small da
ta scenarios. In this work, we introduce Counterfactual Adversarial Training framework (CAT) to tackle the problem from a causality perspective. Particularly, for a specific sample, CAT first generates a counterfactual representation through latent space interpolation in an adversarial manner, and then performs Counterfactual Risk Minimization (CRM) on each original-counterfactual pair to adjust sample-wise loss weight dynamically, which encourages the model to explore the true causal effect. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CAT achieves substantial performance improvement over SOTA across different downstream tasks, including sentence classification, natural language inference and question answering.
The soil water erosion risk is one of the most important problems and
challenges facing the agricultural process in the Syrian coast today. The aim
of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of dangerous areas of
water erosion in the
basin of the Mrqyieh River using CORINE model. To
achieve this objective, the first phase of the study was to evaluate the soil
erosion viability based on soil characteristics (soil texture, soil depth and
percentage of stones); these properties were classified according to their
influence degree on soil erosion. The potential risk erosion map was based
on crossing all information obtained from soil erodibility, erosivity index
and the degree of slope at study area by using GIS technologies. The land
cover map of the study was produced and classified to two classes
depending on soil protection degree. Then, an actual risk map of soil erosion
was prepared after crossing land cover and potential risk erosion classes of
study sites. This study showed that 14.8% of the studied area facing high
risk of soil erosion, while the soil risk was moderate in 40.4% and low in
44.8% of the study area. The highly risked erosion area was located in the
center, northern and northwest parts of the study area. Moreover, the study
confirmed that the land cover is the most influential factor on soil water
erosion. The results showed that the Corine model for soil water erosion
mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach
Purpose: Lacunar infarcts is an important stroke subgroup with unique clinical and
pathologic features, but risk factors for lacunar infarcts have been rarely documented. To
address this matter, we studied 65 patients had lacunar infarction at Depa
rtment of
Neurology , Tishreen University Hospital , Lattakia , Syria , and 65 controls during the
period between May 2017 – May 2018 .
Methods: We obtained information concerning risk factor exposure status among the
patients by a structured questionnaire , we recorded age , sex , blood pressure , glucose ,
heart diseases , cigarette smoking , alcohol drinking , physical exercise for patiens and
controls .We do laboratory tests and ECG and echocardiography and CT brain or MRI .
Results: Significantly increasing the risk of lacunar stroke were hypertension
(P-value=0.0001) and (OR=9.9), Current smokers (P-value=0.002) and (OR=5.2), diabetes
(P-value=0.001) and (OR=5.3) , whereas frequent physical exercise was associated with a
significantly decreased risk) P-value=00001( and (OR=2.6). There was no risk of
lacunar stroke associated with heart disease (P-value=0.6) (OR=0.8) , high cholesterol (Pvalue=
1) and (OR=1) , alcohol drinking (P-value=0.7) and (OR=0.8).
Conclusions: Patients with hypertension or diabetes, current smokers, those who
have not heart disease, are at a higher risk of lacunar stroke, whereas those who undertake
regular physical exercise may be at lower risk.
Credit risk management is one of the important topics in the banking sector and it is
considered As an essential and decisive and proactive factor to reduce losses and earn an
acceptable level of return to its shareholders. The objective of researc
h to study the impact
of credit risk management on the rate of return on equity in private banks in Syria and the
nature of this effect.
To achieve the goal of the search a Convenience sample was selected from private banks in
Syria for which financial reports and risk management reports were available.
The search results showed There is no statistically significant relationship between credit
risk management and rate of return on equity in private banks in Syria in that time period
At a significant level of 5% . but there is a statistically significant relationship between
credit risk management and return on equity if the hypothesis is tested at a significant level
of 10%. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between the rate of
non-performing loans and the rate of return on equity , And The capital adequacy ratio
negatively affects the rate of return on equity.
The study aimed to demonstrate the importance of applying the
Business risk Audit Approach (BRA) by the auditors to improve
the Audit Quality in the Syrian business environment. The study
followed the analytical descriptive method and the question
naire
which prepared and distributed to the offices and auditing
companies accredited by the Damascus Securities Market
committee and the Insurance Supervisory committee.
The insurer's obligation to declare insured risk data is the most important
obligation in the insurance contract. Based on this declaration, the
insured is able to determine all the terms of the contract.
The objective of the research is to demonstrate the reality of the
application of entrepreneurship, the extent of the employees'
commitment to applying the customer response feature in the subbranches
of the real estate bank in Lattakia.
The objective of this study was to determine the factors
affecting the weighted interest rate margin in the traditional
commercial banking sector within the Syrian banking industry. To
achieve this, the researcher collected the necessary data on t
he
commercial banks listed in Damascus Securities exchange for the
period 2008-2014 and analyzed them statistically. The behavior of
a depended variable that reflect the weighted average of interest
rate margin to deposits and credit facilities (loans, overdraft) was
examined. Also the independent variables that reflect credit risk,
financing risk and some economic factors were examined. The
independent variables are the net exposures to direct credit risk,
the credit default rate, ratio of financial leverage and the exchange
rate of the Syrian Pound against the US Dollar. The multiple linear
regression models of the studied variables were used.
سعر الصرف
هامش سعر الفائدة المرجح
صافي التعرضات لمخاطر التسهيلات الائتمانية المباشرة
معدل التعثر الائتماني
نسبة الرفع المالي
weighted interest rate margin
net exposures to direct credit risk
the credit default rate
ratio of financial leverage
exchange rate of the Syrian Pound against the US Dollar
المزيد..
This study deals with analysis and discussion the impact of
capital risk, credit risk, operational risk and liquidity risk on
capital adequacy at Byblos Bank, Through analyze its financial
statements of the variables of the study, By Using simple
regression analysis, Using the (SPSS 19) statistical analysis
program, during the time period of 2009-2014.
Water erosion is the most serious environmental problem which cause soil
degradation in watershed areas in Syria cost .for this reason, this study aimed to defined
spatial distribution of water erosion risk for land Bhmra Dm basin using corine mode
l.
Corine model depend on calculating all factor that affect water erosion ,soil erosion
vability ,rain erosivity ,slop and land cover.
