The objective of the present study is to determine the determinants
of Syrian foreign trade according to the gravity model from a
geographical point of view. The model estimates the effects of
external market sizes, geographical distances between
countries,
GDP, the impact of cultural differences or their similarity, Syria's
relative institutions in foreign trade, and on the basis of the results
chart the future plan and the appropriate proposals to increase the
potential places of Syrian exports.
The research aims to study the most important economic efficiency of agricultural
foreign trade indicators, and to identify the most important problems facing the export
companies and organizations working in the field of foreign agricultural trade
, using
descriptive and analytical approach in the treatment of research data. The results show that
the annual growth rate of Syrian exports during the period 2005 to the first year of the
crisis in 2011 amounted to about 15%, and from 2005 until the end of 2014 about 1%. The
export strength top of the share of latency (56%), followed by tomatoes (53%), and apples
(26%), then peaches and lentils (24%), while zero, export strength of the sheep, but some
products such as wheat, barley, chickpeas and corn.
Search results have been reached and there are some problems and obstacles faced by
the operating companies, including the lack of accurate marketing information especially
for foreign markets, and the non-availability of required quantities for export to the
required specifications, or the availability of skilled labor on the post-harvest operations, in
addition to dent some of the ministerial organs, Health and customs and taxes ... and
others.
This research aims to analysis the impact of syrian
industrialization strategies (import- substiution strategy and the
export- growth strategy on the economic development and their role
in achieving the economic independence, as well as the achiev
ing of
integration into international economy.
This research studies the important role that can be played by the railway
transportation in the development of the Syrian commercial exchanges with countries
around the world، especially the neighboring countries with which we have a network of
r
ailway lines,
And the problem of this research leads us to ask the following question: What are the
role and effect that can be played by the railway transportation in the growth of the
commercial balance and especially the growth of the Syrian export sector to the countries
of the world, while the aims of research concentrate on the study of the development of the
Syrian railway transportation income within the period of ten years(2000-2010) and the
study of the development of the Syrian exports within the same period of time then, the
relationship between the previous items was studied and they were analyzed by using
(SPSS) system to determine the relationship between them.
The researcher reaches several results, such as the weakness of the Syrian railway
transport and the highness of its costs and inability to compete with other sections of local
and external transportation never the less it still contributes in the development and the
enhancement of the quality and quantity of the exports to the countries around the world,
especially the neighboring countries with which we have a network of railway lines,
moreover the researcher has come to recommendations such as the enhancement of the
development of the railway network and the adoption of standardized costs system and the
increment of the railway lines, and the extension of the network to cover all areas and
countries around the world for the activation of the important role that played by the
railway transportation in the development of commercial exchanges with countries
around the world .
Given The Importance of Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and
Financial Market for Researchers, Investors and officials, This Relationship has been
Studied in This Research during Period 1-1-2010 to 31-12-2011 Using Monthly Data for
Nom
inal Effective Exchange Rate SNEER, Money Supply SM2, Exports Coverage
Imports SXM, Inflation Rate SINF, Damascus Market Index SDWX.
Stability of Time Series Studied through Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen
Co-Integration Test Confirmed There is Longitudinal Relationship-Term, Using Granger-
Causality Test Appeared That The Relationship Reciprocal between Money Supply and
The Index, Nominal Effective Exchange Rate is Causing Change in The Index, VAR
Model Estimated, and Characterized by High R2, Jarque-Bera Test Shows The Residuals
do not Follow Normal Distribution, Finally, Prediction in Some Time Periods Close to
Realistic Values of Index. By Analyzing This Result We Come up That The Relationship
between Macroeconomic Variables and Damascus Market Index has a Medium Strength.
The research aims to identify the role that foreign trade plays in the
Syrian economy,
They are an important part of the national economy, and which is
secured need the economy to build production capacity of capital
goods, and through the discha
rge of the flooding of the need for
domestic demand of the product, and therefore the external sector
developments reflect the productive structure of the national
economy, employment and price and income level. . and also the
effects of economic policies.
The researcher has addressed the economic reforms that directly
affect the foreign trade, and then analyzed the structure of the
foreign trade to discover the real economic potentials and the
necessary requirements for the promotion.
The search is focused on the importance of Syrian exports to the national economy،
its role of community development; and improve all economic indicators، and their direct
and basic role; and a high rate of economic growth and increasing foreign ex
change and
trade balance adjustment، reduce unemployment and increase cope positively with the
world economy; and improve other sectors of activation and improved exchange rate and
increase foreign exchange and improve conditions for foreign trade، equity and index of
trade integration and the improvement of quality and increase competitiveness، The
importance of this research is we are in urgent need current، specifically since the start of
the war to Syria since mid- March 2011، to increase foreign exchange and activate
economic sectors especially we're rebuilding. This needs to activate economic cycle and
increase exports، especially industrial and rationalizing imports، particularly of luxury.
This and requires induced economic sector arrangement. We have chosen the agriculture
sector، and the need to go to increase agricultural exports. We'll focus on it in our present
search، hoping to succeed in serving our country to withstand economic backbone and
Foundation of all other types of resilience.
Recent technological developments have led to a major development in the ebusiness
environment, announcing the emergence of the new term “knowledge economy”
as one of the most important economic nomenclatures. E-commerce which is considered as
one
of the most significant applications of this economy has evolved a lot in the last decade
according to the evolution of its revenue in many countries around the world.
E-commerce contributes to the economic development through its positive impact on
a range of economic indicators such as GDP and export development. The aim of this
research is to study whether there was a correlation between the development of electronic
commerce and the amount of Syrian exports and imports during the period between 2000
and 2010. The results showed a good correlation between the above mentioned variables,
but with no possibility to assert whether it was a causal correlation in the light of general
economic conditions in Syria during that period.
The Theme Of this research mainly focuses on the effects of foreign trade liberalization on the trade balance for agricultural sector in Syria , after conducting an analytical study of the reality of this sector . And that’s due to its importance and
its Stature in the national economy, and its effective role in production , labor , and drive economic growth , especially that the Syrian economy is classified in the agricultural economies. As the new economic trend, and regional conventions between Syria and other parties , and its accompanying procedures followed in order to cope with the foreign trade liberalization data and open markets , may significantly effected the agricultural sector.
Where although it contributed to increase the size and rate of growth of Syrian agricultural trade, but this increase is caused by an increase in the volume of agricultural imports that exceeded the volume of agricultural exportrs, and that led to a defict in its balance, after it has achieved larg surpluses for long period.
It was concluded from the study, that the process of foreign trade liberalization carried in some of its aspects, negative effects on the Syrian agricultural sector, inparticular the defict of its trare balance, instead of being
great motivation , to take its pioneering role in economy.
Shadow economy is considered the most important economic problem which is still of concern to researchers for it is linked to all economic variables. It is found in all States with different economic patterns. But it is more widespread in developing
economies includes a recipe for lawful activities and other illegal .And it exists in all economic levels and affect all social strata and in all ages. Despite its characterization as a phenomenon, it cannot be overlooked as a reality.
Depending on that, this research tried to clarify the concept of the shadow economy, and identify its components. As well as, this research shows the most important macroeconomic indicators in Syria and the impact of economic variables on the shadow economy.
