Honey or Poison? Solving the Trigger Curse in Few-shot Event Detection via Causal Intervention

Event detection has long been troubled by the trigger curse: overfitting the trigger will harm the generalization ability while underfitting it will hurt the detection performance. This problem is even more severe in few-shot scenario. In this paper, we identify and solve the trigger curse problem in few-shot event detection (FSED) from a causal view. By formulating FSED with a structural causal model (SCM), we found that the trigger is a confounder of the context and the result, which makes previous FSED methods much easier to overfit triggers. To resolve this problem, we propose to intervene on the context via backdoor adjustment during training. Experiments show that our method significantly improves the FSED on both ACE05 and MAVEN datasets.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Honey Mouthwashes on Oral Flora (Triple Blinded Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial, Cross-Over Study)

mouthwashes are considered as an essential mean of oral hygiene. But, due to the side effects of its chemical ingredients the search for a natural alternative has begun. Honey is one of these alternatives and has been long known for its antimicrobial properties. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Syrian honey mouthwash on oral flora in comparison with Chlorhexidine 0.12%

Affecting Factors on the supply amount of honey At Apiaries Level In the Syrian Coast

This study has been conducted on Syrian coastal area in 2013 season, aimed to determines affecting factors on honey supply at that level Apiary and measure the price supply elasticity . A field questioner was applied to obtain elementary data of a random sample consisted of (304) of Apiary. The honey production has been estimated to (10.3) kg/hive and (603.8) kg/ apiary in the study sample, (89.6%) of which were marketed, while the other part has been selfconsumed at the apiary level. The marketing quantities of honey distributed between five major marketing canals, the most important one was the direct selling to the consumers, contributed to (77.1%) of total sample’ marketed quantities, followed by the selling to wholesalers with contribution ratio estimated to (18.7%), while the selling to retailer types (Honey specialized shops, Pharmacies, Grocers) have absorbed the remained small honey quantities. The supply price elasticity was estimated to (2.318), referring relatively to a high elasticity supply. The more diversified marketing channels of honey at apiaries level has positively affected supply quantities, especially when selling to wholesalers. Moreover, the existence of selling and storing unites in apiaries in addition to the market information system would also affect positively on supply quantities. The positively effect of apiary size reflects the weak position of small size apiaries in supply controlling. The more important result, was the negative impact of expertize and specialization and education of producers on honey supplied quantities at apiaries level, Remunerating Precarious conditions of current honey market, pressing on producers belonging to the qualified category and indicates high risks of shrinking their leverage in honey sub-sector.

Analysis of Farm income and productivity costs of honey bee rearing and efficient Projects it's in the Syrian Coast

This study has been conducted on Syrian coastal area in 2013 season, aimed to analyze the cost of honey production and Farm income `at the Apiaries level, in addition to measure its net returns and economic efficiency. A field questioner was applied to obtain elementary data of a random sample consisted of (304) of Apiary units. The results show that beekeeping is one of the economically viable agricultural projects, where most of the apiaries in the sample were able to achieve a positive net return as much, on average, about (405 834) SP / promiscuous, while its value was estimated at the hive level by about (7120) SP. It was found that the majority of apiaries in the study sample (87.8%) were able to achieve positive earnings, While the ratio (12.2%) exposed of the loss, and realized negative revenues . The results of the investment evaluation and financial analysis showed to the economic efficiency of the apiaries , reaching gross margin of the hive (11237.5) SP/year, and ratio of costs to revenue (62.9%), the profit ratio to total costs (59%), and general economic efficiency (1.59 ), and the Payback period (1.69) years.

Study of the effect of some syrian honey types on Escherichia coli activity

In this study it has been determined the total phenols percentage of three Syrian honey types. Then the relation has been studied between phenols level in these three types of Syrian honey and its effect on the Escherichia coli which causes many types of intestinal and uric infections and causes many diseases as bleeding.

Concentrations of Some Trace Elements in Bees as Pollution Indicator in Lattakia Region – Syria

The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) in dead and live honeybees were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The samples were collected from beehives of stationary apiariessituated in five different locations of Latakia; Qardahah (Asitamo), Haffeh (Dabba), Jableh (Snouper),Latakia city (Al-Ramel Al-Shamali\ Autostrade of Al-Jomhouria) and Eastern Entryway to Latakia (behind Al-Jood factory) , during the spring and autumn in 2014.

Study of the bee honey contamination with some heavy elements in the Syrian coastal region during the autumn of 2012

This study was conducted in the Syrian coastal region, and the honey samples have been collected from eight different sites belonging to the provinces of Latakia and Tartous during the autumn of 2012. Their content of heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead & cadmium) was estimated by Atomic Absorption at the Higher Institute for Environmental Research at Tishreen University. The results showed that zinc concentration in the bee honey samples ranged from 2.86 to 12.64 mg / kg (mean 7.98±3.67), and copper ranged from 0.125 to 0.652 mg / kg (mean 0.328±0.176 ), lead ranged from 0.084 to 0.378 mg / kg (mean 0.205±0.112), cadmium ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0132 mg / kg (mean 0.0053±0.0052). The results indicated that the largest amounts of heavy metals were found in honey sample taken from the apiary which is located at the eastern entrance of Latakia city (near Joud factory), while the lower concentrations of zinc and lead were in Banias area (Wadi Al Saqi), and the least concentration of copper was in Safita area, and of cadmium was in the Gablah area (Bani Qahtan Castle).Comparing elements concentration in the studied honey samples, Zinc concentration was found to be the highest, followed by copper, lead and then finally cadmium.The results of statistical analysis indicated the existence of significant differences between the studied sites during the autumn of 2012.

Honey Harvest in the Poetry of Al- Huthaliyeen

This research aims to study the dimensions of honey harvesting in the poetry of Al- Huthaliyeen who associate talking about honey harvesting by comparing the sweet taste of honey to a woman's saliva taste. Thus , they demonstrate the pleasure of achieving the desiredgoalafter toil. In this context , we see them highlight the mixing of honey with pure water and wine to signify the sublime life they seek to attain. In their poetry , we see them explore the poor living conditions of the apiarist - his toil and experiencing dangers to get honey. They explain that in his quest of honey under difficult conditions like the rugged place , the apiarist offers an image of a poet who strives to accomplish his goal. The dangers of getting honey are highlighted in Al- Huthaliyeenpoetry. Such dangers increase the hardships of reaching the goal in which the prerequisites and permanence of life are represented.

The effect of apple flower pollination by honeybees on the increase of fruit-set

This study was conducted in the spring of 1999 in Al-Souida Region of Syria, to know the effect of flower pollination by honeybees on flower and fruitset and on the crop productivity of three varieties of apple. The experiment was repeated in the spring of 2001 on the same varieties in addition to others like Yellow sport, but the weather conditions (spring-frost) didn’t allow to obtain results.

Quality Spectrum of Yemeni Honey

Floral honey types produced locally were tested for their quality attributes, using the standard procedures of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).