The research included the implementation of a laboratory experiment and a field experiment in two successive seasons, where the laboratory experiment was carried out by using columns of PVC columns, where the effect of magnetized water was tested on
several types of soils varying in salinity and spread in the study area east of Aleppo (Kaskis – musharifa Al – Zakia-Rasm al-Hamis). The technology of water magnetization was applied by using a special device manufactured at the Department of Soil Science and land reclamation at the Faculty of agricultural engineering of the University of Aleppo. The device was manufactured for laboratory and field work within a magnetic field whose intensity reached (2000) Gauss. The first type of water was also brought from a well in the village of Rasm al-Hamis (2.1) dS.m-1.the second sample was also brought from a well in the village of musharifa Al-Zakiya (3.4) dS.m-1.the third sample of water used in this study was representative of the water of the Euphrates river canal (0.70) dS.m-1.
The technology of using magnetized water deliberately caused a decrease in the PH values of the three types of water, a slight decrease in the values of the electrical conductivity of irrigation water using magnetized water was also observed, and a decrease in the values of the specific weight of irrigation water after its magnetization was observed in the three types of water used.
Magnetization with the wash coefficient applied by the experiment (15%) contributed to reducing the electrical conductivity values of the three soils, as it was noted that the effect of the magnetization technique was of a significant nature on the soils of the Hamis sketch, where before the experiment they were classified as high-salinity soils and by the effect of the magnetization technique, at the end of the experiment they turned into low-salinity soils. The results obtained from the Rasm al-Hamis soil confirmed that irrigation water with a washing coefficient, whether magnetized or non-magnetized, effectively contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil compared to the soil salinity value before the experiment, which amounted about (4.1) dS.m-1, as the magnetized Euphrates water contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil by 10% increase compared to the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water, as well as when using the magnetic wells of Rasm al-Hamis and Musharafat Al-Zakiya, where the magnetized water contributed to the washing of salts by 19% and 9.8% more than the same transactions irrigated with ordinary water for the surface layer of the soil, and the decrease was of a significant nature. The results in the soil columns also indicated that a significant decrease in the SAR and ESP values of the three soils was achieved, and therefore magnetization had an important role in washing the sodium cation from the soil. With regard to the future leachate from the soil columns, higher values of electrical conductivity and the rate of absorbed sodium were observed in the leachate of transactions irrigated with magnetized water compared to the leachate of transactions irrigated with ordinary water without magnetization for the three soils. this confirmed the role of magnetization technology in washing salts from the soil solution, especially sodium cation. this has been positively reflected on the physical properties of the soil, where the magnetization technology contributed to improving soil porosity values. the improvement was significant in the soils of Rasm al-Hamis and as a poke and not significant in the soil of Musharafat Al-Zakiya.
Moving on to the field experiment, the field experiment was designed using a completely randomized block design with (3) replications, so that the first factor includes irrigation techniques: magnetized water (M) and non-magnetized water (NM), and the second factor is the addition of organic fertilizers to the soil, which included three coefficients: municipal fertilizer (O), humic acid (H) In addition to the control treatment (C). The area of the experimental piece was 16 m2, The number of plants within the experimental plot reached 120 plants. The Maize crop was planted on 29/6/2021 for the first season and on 9/7/2022 for the second.
The results indicated the role of magnetization technology in reducing the electrical conductivity values of the studied coefficients compared to the control treatment coefficients in the surface and subsurface layers with an average value of 10.28%. The results also confirmed that magnetization plays an important role in washing the Na+ ion, and this was clearly reflected in the SAR value of the soil, where the SAR value when irrigated with ordinary water was about 3.16, while it decreased to 2.79 when irrigated with magnetized water, and this decrease was of a significant nature, which in turn affected the reduction of ESP values of the soil.
The results indicated that magnetization clearly affected soil cations, especially Na+, and also directly affected the SO4-2 ion, where the concentration of SO4-2 decreased by 14.4% when irrigating with magnetized water compared to the control treatment. The results confirmed the role of the magnetization technique in improving porosity values.
The data pointed to the important role of municipal fertilizer, potassium Humate in reducing the electrical conductivity values, and the treatment of municipal fertilizer was statistically superior to potassium Humate, whether irrigation with magnetized water or ordinary water. Organic compound with magnetized water also contributed to improving the physical qualities of the soil, which was positively reflected on the values of the index of deterioration of soil properties compared to the control treatment coefficients. This improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the soil positively affected the availability of nutrients in the soil in general, and microelements in particular, which contributed to an improvement in the productivity values of the Maize crop, which reached its highest value when irrigated with magnetic water about 7.43 tons/h, and potassium Humate with irrigation with magnetic water raised the productivity value to 8.49 tons/h, while the treatment of municipal fertilizer with irrigation with magnetic water surpassed the rest of the transactions, where productivity reached about 9.1 tons/h in the first season of the experiment, and the productivity values also improved slightly in the second season compared to the first.
Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) prepares one of the important methods to degradation and removal the organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. AOPs method depends on the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide with a catalyst. In thi
s work we relied on Fenton reaction to removes the Methylene Blue (MB) using natural magnetite as catalyst. The time for degradation of MB solutions (volume 25ml) in the different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80) ppm was determined. The maximum degradation of MB in the solution was achieved after 24h with UV irradiation and without any additions, the maximum degradation of MB with UV and in addition of magnetite was achieved after 18h, and with UV + H2O2 the process was took up 3.5h, when adding magnetite + H2O2 and using UV the process of degradation of MB was completed after 2.5 hour. The optimal conditions of the degradation process of MB were: when adding 0.15g magnetite + 0.2ml H2O2 using UV, and that for 25 ml value of MB.
Summary of the thesis
In this research, the work examined the role that lasers play in unguided systems in underwater wireless systems (FSOUW), which determine the practical choice of laser system components in unguided systems, and examine the impa
ct of the absorption of sea and ocean water to lasers and their association with laser wavelength.
Three wavelengths (445, 532, 650) nm have been used to assess the validity of the selection of the appropriate water channel with 100 ml watts of laser as its transmitter energy. SNR, BER and SER were examined following five different water channels. These are pure tap water, and with salt, various concentrations of Malox (MG(OH)2 and Al (OH)3) and salt have been added in order to get high-turbid water, and the results show that mallox and salt content reduces the energy receiving the laser signal and causes disconnection.
The charts on wavelength change were drawn with their absorption coefficient in the laboratory for several wavelengths and several types of ocean water and the results were discussed.
This research focused on one of the stages of the conventional treatment of water
in the purification stations, a process of coagulation, which enhanced by using
alternatives to alum; such as Ferric Chloride and Poly Aluminum-chloride (PACl),
whic
h play an important role to reducing the turbidity of drinking water through
the destabilization of colloids, which include organic and inorganic materials in
order to increase the efficiency of sterilization and disposal of the side effects of
sterilization (DBPS) and to minimize the problems of clogged sand filters due to
an increase of the turbidity of water inside it. According to that, three types of
coagulant agents were used for the purpose of comparison with each other to achieve
the best efficiency in the process of reducing water turbidity through a process
of coagulation improved by using (Jar-test). Different concentrations of coagulant
agents of irrigation water were used depending on experiments. The results found
that urinary chloride aluminum gave the highest efficiency in reducing turbidity by
(84, 82 and 81%) according to the addition of concentration for coagulation (20
ppm, 10 ppm and 5ppm), respectively. The reduction rates in turbidity for Ferric
chloride were (79, 78.2 and 78.1% ) by concentrations added, respectively, but for
alum, the reduction rates in turbidity were (58, 56, and, 54%) by concentrations
added, respectively.
The paper presents a research hybrid systems
(hydrogen-photovoltaic) for a mobile phone station in an area far from the
network or can be mobile in a desert area. This study investigates and
design a renewable energy-based energy system for a mobi
le phone
station. The proposed energy system includes of the following main
components: photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, water analyzer and batteries,
as well as a diesel generator.
In September-october 2014 the collected air green samples of
zizuphus jujuba was extracted .Suitable conditions were chosen to
separate the components of the volatile oil by the components of the
volatile oil by Gs/Ms and we noticed.
- 16 compoun
ds were found in the extracted volatile oil of the
extraction by petrolium ether, the main compound is palmetoleic acid ,
it form 29.13% of the volatile oil weight , and palmitic acid, it form
15.5% .Also volatile oil of the extracted from fresh leaves by steam
distillation contain 24 compounds, the main compound is Oleamid ,it
from 23.30% of the volatile oil weight.
In August 2015 the collected leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi were
gathered. Then the volatile oil from fresh samples was extracted
with n-hexane and other samples with steam distillation.
The under keel clearance (UKC) is considered as one of the most important factor
which governs the navigation safety in restricted waterways. However, the notion of safe
under keel clearance is directly related to ship sinkage. The recent researche
s to evaluate
ship sinkage show that it is related to vessel potential energy. The curve of vessel
displacement in heave motion as function of potential energy shows that a ship has three
equilibrium positions; stable equilibrium position represents steady squat and unstable
equilibrium position which can be considered as a virtual bottom for a ship, the third stable
equilibrium position does not have any physical signification, since it lies below the
bottom.
The principal goal of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for vessel motion
during acceleration phase by considering several assumptions. Then, analyze the
conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy at the unstable equilibrium position during
acceleration phase. By taking into account the period during which the vessel accelerates
as well as the vessel speed at the end of the acceleration phase. The results show that ship
stability could be affected by the oscillations generated at the end of this phase.
يعتبر تحديد منسوب المياه الجوفية من الأعمال المهمة للدراسات الجيوتكنيكية وخصوصاً إذا ما كان منسوب المياه في نطاق تنفيذ الأساسات حيث إن معظم المشاكل الفنية التي لها علاقة بالتربة تكون بسبب المياه الجوفية ،توجد عدة أجهزة لقياس مستوى الماء الجوفي وذلك ع
لى نحو مباشر مثل سابرة قياس مستوى الماء، جهاز أنبوب الهواء المانومتري، كما تتضمن التقنيات المتطورة مجوعة من المسجلات البيانية الرقمية ذات القدرة التخزينية العالية للبيانات ولديها الامكانية لإجراء معالجات سريعة.
Five mixtures of ordinary concrete of dolomite aggregates were
prepared by changing the water to cement ratio. Thirty six cubic
concrete samples were prepared for every mixture.
