In this study it has been determined the total phenols percentage of
three Syrian honey types. Then the relation has been studied
between phenols level in these three types of Syrian honey and its
effect on the Escherichia coli which causes many t
ypes of intestinal
and uric infections and causes many diseases as bleeding.
The aim behind this study was to isolate and characterize fungi from fermented olive
mill wastewater to determine the superior one that can resist high organic load and total
phenol of fresh Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW).
Two different media Czapak
Dox Agar (CzA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) were
used for identification of fungi by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
However, Aspergilluss sclerotiorum, Paecilomyces sniveus and Mucor nircinelloides had
had been identified .
After testing the isolates on fresh olive mill wastewater solid mediums OMWA1
(50%OMW), OMWA2 (75%OMW) and OMWA3 (100%OMW).
Whereas P. niveus proves that was the superior one, which can resist high
concentration of fresh olive mill wastewater.
This research studied the impact of planting location and cooking time
periods of (5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 minutes) on the antioxidant effect, and on the
total Phenols and Flavonoids contents using five different samples of Syrian
onions. The results
showed that the total Phenols, total Flavonoids and
antioxidant activity contents were between (279-583)mg/100g dry wt, (80-180)mg/100g dry wt, and (60-75%) respectively. In addition, boiling for
different periods resulted in increased total Phenols from (383 to789)mg/100g
dry wt and in total Flavonoids from (124 to 205)mg/100g dry wt as well as an
increase of (77% to 88%) of antioxidant activity as measured using the DPPH
method.
The research was carried out in the laboratories of food science department
at Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the year 2012 to
compare some chemical parameters (moisture،ash, sugars, fat, fibe, protein)
and biological active co
mpounds (total phenols, vitamin C) in fresh strawberry
fruits and strawberry jam. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction
(p<0.05) in moisture, ash, fat and protein in strawperry jam comparing to fresh
fruits. Total phenols was decreased significantly (P< 0.05) from 2078 mg/100 g
DM in fresh strawberries to 1070 and 962 mg /100 g DM in homemade and
commercial strawberry jam respectively. Also the amount of vitamine c was
decreased from 346 mg /100 gram dry matter in fresh fruits to 45 mg/100 gram
dry matter in locall made jam ،while it was 30 mg/ 100 gram dry matter in
commercial strawberry jam. These were reflected on anthocyanins which was
decreased from 1080 mg/ 100 g DM during processing to 132 and 105 mg/ 100 g
DM in homemade jam and commercial strawberry jam respectively. These
changes reflected in a significant (P< 0.05) decline in the antioxidant activity.
This study was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University in 2012 season. Clusters of local yellowish baladi grape
exposed to the concentration (2000 Ppm) of gas SO2 for 3 hours were dried to
moisture conten
t not exceeded 18% by different drying methods (sun drying,
heat drying, solar energy-green house) in the aim of determining their effect on
some chemical indices (total sugar, pH, acidity, solid soluble, non enzymatic
browning), some antioxidants (vitamin C, total phenols) and antioxidant
activity according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
assay. The results showed superiority (p<0.05) of the way solar drying of the
fruits of the grape-treatment with gas SO2 to maintain vitamin C (7.17 mg/ 100
g dry weight) while outperformed the fruits of grapes dried with heat treatment
and gas SO2 in content of phenols (7.24 mg acid Gaelic/ 100 g dry weight).
Results also showed that samples of grapes dried solar and non-treated with gas
SO2 noticeable increase in its activity in the antioxidant, which amounted to
82.42%. The results confirmed that the importance of treatment with gas SO2
prior to the fruits of grapes in reducing (p<0.05) the time required to complete
the drying process, especially in the way of thermal drying to (137 hours)
compared with other transactions.
The changes in green peas, processed by using freezing and bleaching were
compared with their chemical composition (moisture, ash, sugar, fat). Effect of
freezing and bleaching processes of green peas on the ascorbic acid, total
phenolic compounds
,and antioxidant activity were investigated. Significant
changes were occurred between fresh and processed peas with regard to their
content of ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activity as measured by
DPPH. Vitamin C content reduced to 65% in frozen peas and to16% in
bleaching peas. The decreased in total phenols was less, being 150mg/100g fw in
fresh peas reduced to 140 mg/100g fw in bleaching peas, and reached 120mg
/100g fw in freeze peas. These changes have been reflected significantly
(P<0.05) in antioxidant activities. Storage of green peas, frozen or boiled peas,
for 8 weeks, resulted in significant loss in vit C, antioxidant activity(P<0.05).
Phenolic compounds are known to be present in high concentration
in various of agro industrial wastes such as olive mill wastewater. As
they are highly biorecalcitrant a possible treatment by Advanced
Oxidation Processes has to be investigated.
T
he photocatalytic degradation of the phenolic acids p-Hydroxybenzoic
acid, Dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid) in the
presence of TiO2 deposit on a glass plate has been reported. A comparison for
the adsorption properties and the kinetics of reaction have been studied. The
kinetics were found to be first order for all compounds and were compared
with the compounds’ structures. The reaction rate for the compounds was
found as the order Di-HBA < GA < p-HBA ≈ SA ≈ VA.
The influence on the photdegradation rate of various parameters as pH, and
substrate’s concentration was studied for p-Hydroxybenzoic acid only. It was
found that the reaction is pH and substrate’s concentration dependence.
A removal efficiency (50-70%) was determined after 5hr using UVlamp
(15W- λ=360nm) and it increased up to 95% when H2O2 was
added.
