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Register a new userThe effect of apple flower pollination by honeybees on the increase of fruit-set
تأثير تأبير نحل العسل لأزهار التفاح في زيادة عقد الثمار
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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أجري هذا البحث في ربيع عام 1999 على ثلاثة أصناف من التفاح: كولدن ديليشس، ستاركنج ديليشس و ستارك ريمسون، في محافظة السويداء – سورية، بهدف دراسة تأبير نحل العسل للأزهار، و تأثير ذلك في زيادة عقد الأزهار و الثمار، و من ثم في زيادة المحصول. و قد كررت التجربة في عام 2001 على الأصناف الثلاثة مضافًا إليها أصنافًا أخرى منها صنف يلوسبور و لكن ظروف الطقس (الصقيع الربيعي) حالت دون الحصول على نتائج.
This study was conducted in the spring of 1999 in Al-Souida Region of Syria, to know the effect of flower pollination by honeybees on flower and fruitset and on the crop productivity of three varieties of apple. The experiment was repeated in the spring of 2001 on the same varieties in addition to others like Yellow sport, but the weather conditions (spring-frost) didn’t allow to obtain results.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة التي أجريت في ربيع عام 1999 في منطقة السويداء بسوريا تأثير تلقيح أزهار التفاح بواسطة نحل العسل على نسبة عقد الأزهار والإنتاجية الزراعية لثلاثة أصناف من التفاح. تم تكرار التجربة في ربيع عام 2001 على نفس الأصناف بالإضافة إلى أصناف أخرى مثل Yellow sport، ولكن الظروف الجوية (الصقيع الربيعي) لم تسمح بالحصول على نتائج. تم تقدير نسبة عقد الأزهار من خلال مقارنة المعالجات مع الشاهد الذي تم عزله لمنع تلقيحه بواسطة النحل. أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة عقد الأزهار في المعالجة كانت 92.5% مقابل 30.28% في الشاهد لصنف Golden، و86.4% مقابل 2.47% في صنف Starking، و85.55% مقابل 3.03% في صنف Stark rimson. أما بالنسبة لنسبة عقد الثمار، فقد كانت النتائج 50.03% مقابل 12.6%، و38.13% مقابل 2.47%، و35.74% مقابل 0.86% في المعالجة والشاهد للأصناف الثلاثة على التوالي. أظهرت التحليلات الإحصائية باستخدام اختبار T فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية عالية (p<0.01) بين المعالجة والشاهد في جميع الحالات. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن توزيع خلايا نحل العسل في بساتين التفاح مفيد للغاية ويوصى به بشدة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: الدراسة قدمت نتائج هامة حول تأثير تلقيح نحل العسل على إنتاجية التفاح، ولكن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الأفضل تضمين المزيد من الأصناف لتوسيع نطاق النتائج. ثانياً، لم يتم توضيح تأثير الظروف الجوية بشكل كافٍ، مما يجعل من الصعب تعميم النتائج على مناطق أخرى. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن استخدام تقنيات تحليلية أكثر تقدماً لتعزيز دقة النتائج.
Questions related to the research
-
ما هي الأصناف الثلاثة من التفاح التي تم دراستها في التجربة؟
الأصناف الثلاثة هي Golden وStarking وStark rimson.
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ما هي نسبة عقد الأزهار في صنف Golden في المعالجة والشاهد؟
نسبة عقد الأزهار في المعالجة كانت 92.5% وفي الشاهد كانت 30.28%.
-
ما هو تأثير الظروف الجوية على نتائج التجربة في عام 2001؟
الظروف الجوية (الصقيع الربيعي) لم تسمح بالحصول على نتائج في عام 2001.
-
ما هي التوصية النهائية للدراسة بشأن توزيع خلايا نحل العسل في بساتين التفاح؟
توصي الدراسة بشدة بتوزيع خلايا نحل العسل في بساتين التفاح لما له من تأثير إيجابي كبير على عقد الأزهار والإنتاجية.
References used
Boreneen, N. L. and G. N. Kotofa. 1988. Plant pollination by bees. 252-254, in : The Reference in Apidology. Moscow, 365 p
Delaplane, K. S. and D. E. Mayer. 1999. “Apple” in Crop pollination by bees. CABI. Pub. New Yourk, 143-153
Dozet, B. M., S. Mandel, D. Skoric and B. Farkas. 1993. Use of honey bees for controlled inter-pollination of wild Helianthus annus L. and Helianthus petiolaris sp. Nuttall(Yugoslavia) 16(19): 69-76
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This study was conducted in the spring of 2001 in the apiary field at Faculty
of Agriculture, Damascus University - Syria, for the purpose of studying the
effect of flower pollination by honeybees on fruit-set and consequently on the
crop producti
vity of two varieties of squash, named : Berneel and Mabrukeh .
The rate of set fruits resulting from the visits of honeybees was calculated
and compared with the control, which was isolated to prevent bees reaching it.
The result in Berneel variety was 93.84% of setting flowers in the
experiment against 9.91% in the control. The results were in Mabrukeh variety
94.07% in the experiment, against 14.79% in the control.
The study has assured the importance of the density of bees in squash fields.
When the average of visits of honeybees to each flower was 7 visits per hour,
the flower-set rate was 100%. However, when the average of visits of honeybees
has declined to only 2 visits per flower per hour, the rate of set has also declined
to 60%.
This study of the influence of some Soil management represented by
Ground covers and Sprinkling with herbicides on Apple fruit quality “Golden
Delicious“ on the root stock M٩ was conducted in ١٩٩٧ in learning and
investigation center Kuehnfeld in faculty of agriculture of Martin Luther
University in Germany.
Alternate bearing is one of the most important phenomena in the olive trees.
A study was conducted during 2002 - 2003 at the Agricultural Research
Center in Homs on two olive varieties (Sorani and Daebli) to assess the effect of
flower and fruit t
hinning at different time intervals on flowering
differentiatian, percentage of vegetative buds, length of branch, length of the
internodes and total number of buds. The results showed that:
- flower thinning and treatment with Gibberellic acid (GA3)
during the maximum flowering did not influence the percentage of
buds, while flower thinning during different periods folowed by
treatment with Gibberellic acid during the fruit setting phase,
endocarp sclerification had significantly decreased the percentage of
flower buds for Sorani variety in 2002 and 2003 during the fruit setting
phase and two weeks later.
In Daebli variety this treatment decreased the percentage of flower buds
during fruit setting, two weeks later, and after four weeks from fruit setting
whereas, the treatment had not effect in both the varieties during endocap
sclerification stage.
The experiment was carried out at Jableh region during 2012-2013 in two green
houses to study the effects of using the bumble bees and organic carbon to improve flower
set and yield of tomato hybrid Dalloula . The experiment included three treatmen
ts :
natural pollination (control) ,flowers pollination by organic carbon, and flowers pollination
by bumble bees . The first and second treatments were applied in the first green house , and
the third treatment was applied in the second green house . Results showed that the bumble
bees treatment produced significantly the highest percentage of flower set and yield than
the other treatments . Flower set of tomato over 10 clusters was 89.8% , 83.7% , 39.2% for
bumble bees treatment, organic carbon treatment, and control , respectively. The highest
yield (22 kg/m2)was obtained from bumble bees treatment . Flowers pollinated by bumble
bees gave fruits that looked better in shape , size and color ,and with higher weights . In
the bumble bee pollinated flowers , the quality of fruits was superior for vitamin C , sugar
and acidity .
In this research, we have studied the effects of some summer pruning at the
mid June and Juli, in addition to the common periodical winter pruning during
February.
Both studies were done to evaluate calcium concentration of fruits, quality
and yi
eld the apearance of physiological disorders during the storage and
fruits. Experiments were conducted on 8 year apple trees of Starking Delicious
and Golden Delicious, which are sensiitve to laek of calcium and as a result
caused bitter-pit as an important physiological disorder on apple fruits.
Summer pruning of apple trees at mid june increases their content of
calcium and their colors, also decreases physiological disorder, weight loss
during storage, without affecting the annual yield of trees.
Accorrding to the attained results, we recommend the farmers of apple trees
to follow summer pruning, because of its benefits on improving the condition of
trees and achieving the balance between vegetative and generative growth, and
reduced the alternate Summer pruning. Also improve the quality of fruits, their
storability and their resistance for some physiological disorders during storage.
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