The study investigated the possibility of removing heavy metal ions (Cd, Pb) from
aqueous solutions using adsorption method on the citrus peel (orange), which is a solid
waste available in abundance especially in the Syrian coast as well as easy to
use at low
cost. The optimal conditions for the simultaneous adsorption of the ions (Cd 2+, Pb 2+) on
the surface of orange peel (dry, soft) were determined.The concetration of ions was
determined using (DPASV) method Which is characterized by Sensitivity and high
accurawcy. The results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions were at pH = 5 ,
equleibrium time = 60 min, and the initial concentration is ( C0 = 50-200) ppm,The
application of the Langmuir and Frienlish models showed that Frienlish model is best fited
for expressing the adsorption of Pb ions on the surface of dry and soft orange peel and for
expressing the adsorption of Cd ions on the surface of soft orange peel , Langmuir model
is best fited for expressing the adsorption of Cd ions on the surface of dry orange peel.
The method applied its selected terms to realistic samples of processed and industrial
waste water, which showed a unique response as a purification method for the water
media.
Three organic phosphorous compounds containing bridge
with (PhO) phenoxide and (Ph) phenyl group, to be used as materials derived element
cadmium ion according to the (liquid - liquid) extraction method that apply to widely used
in the restoration
of metal ions operations starting from aqueous solutions in mining
operations to environmental applications, and identified some of the physical properties
(melting point, spectra UV, IR).
Photometric method was adopted to determine the concentrations, as it used the
solution of 2-Nitroso, 1- Naphthol to determine the concentrations of cadmium ion in the
aqueous phase after extraction and its concentrations in the organic phase based on the
difference between the concentrations of primitive prepared aqueous solution and the final
concentrations in the aqueous phase.
Distribution Ratio DCd was studied of the ion cadmium between the aqueous medium
of the acid solution of Sulfuric and central Organic Dilutions containing different
concentrations of the previous prepared organophosphorus compounds also was studied the
Distribution Ratio DCd of ion cadmium depending of changing of pH-values in aqueous
medium and central organic Includes fixed concentration from the previous prepared
organophosphorus compounds and registered the distribution of information focus
numerically and graphically.
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe
some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it
with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and qua
lity and Cd and B
concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river:
A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river
edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e.
less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively.
The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49
mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd
concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l.
However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and
higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l,
whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the
Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC
for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer
than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings
demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The
increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than
the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range
of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).
This research focuses on determination the concentration of some heavy metal
elements (Nickel Ni and Cadmium Cd) in the coastal water sediments of Ras Al-Basit
(Latakia ) during the period that range between Autumn 2013 and Summer 2014 using the
A
tomic Absorption (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer: AAS) at two different (closed
and open) geographical regions.
The results of the research indicate a correlation monumental between the change in
the concentration of studied metallic elements (Ni & Cd), the quality and sediment
sampling sites on the one hand, and the sources of pollution on the other. It observed the
rule of fine sand with minor amount of clay in the sediments collected from closed area;
with high concentrations of both Nickel (755.50mg/Kg), and Cadmium (71.30μg/ Kg),
compared with the open area while the majority of the sediments are medium sand with
low Nickel and Cadmium concentrations (38.85mg/Kg; 13.31μg/ Kg).
This study has been conducted to identify the levels of heavy
metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and
zinc) in the following spices: Nutmeg, turmeric, cinnamon, ginger,
cardamom, nigella sativa, black pepper, cumin, coriander, curry,
and mixed spices.
This study estimated the levels of lead and cadmium in 12 chocolate and cocoa
samples from latakia markets by atomic absorption spectrometry . Most of the samples,
were well known Syrian trademarks.
The results showed that concentration of lead in
samples of dark chocolate ranged
between 0.061 and 0.49 mg\ kg ,and in samples of cocoa between 0,10 and 0,51 mg\ kg,
but it was much less 0.01 - 0. 16 mg\ kg in white chocolate and Imported chocolates.
concentration of cadmium in samples of dark chocolate ranged between 0.01 and 0.24 mg\
kg and in samples of cocoa between 0.03 and 0.231 mg\ kg. but it was also less in white
chocolate and imported chocolates 0.01 - 0.051 mg\ kg.
The results indicated that dark chocolates have higher concentrations of lead and
cadmium than white chocolates and that the levels of lead and cadmium are generally
higher than the common levels in developed countries ,and thus. might be a significant
source of lead and cadmium ingestion, Raw materials should be checked before use for
metal contents in order to decrease the concentrations of these metals in final chocolate
products..
The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb),
cadmium (Cd) in dead and live honeybees were determined by using
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The samples were collected from
beehives of stationary apiariessituated in
five different locations of
Latakia; Qardahah (Asitamo), Haffeh (Dabba), Jableh (Snouper),Latakia
city (Al-Ramel Al-Shamali\ Autostrade of Al-Jomhouria) and Eastern
Entryway to Latakia (behind Al-Jood factory) , during the spring and
autumn in 2014.
For studying the effect of cadmium sulphate on some physiological components
of blood in male white rabbits. we used (12) animals divided in to two groups (6 animals
per group).the experimental one became aqueous cadmium sulphate (5 mg/kg) orally,
while the control became water for 28 days (4 weeks).
We reported significant decrease (p<0.01) in the count of red blood cells ,
Hematocrit values and Hemoglobin concentration.
The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in the
meat, liver and kidney of sheep exposed in the local markets of the city of Latakia, and to
compare the results with those reported by other countries and with the
maximum
acceptable levels for human consumption, Lead and cadmium were determined by atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS).
The mean concentrations of lead in meat, liver and kidney were 0.043, 0.284 and
0.118 mg/kg fresh weights, respectively, while mean concentrations of cadmium were
0.017, 0.173 and 0.252 mg/kg fresh weights, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a
significant difference in lead and cadmium concentrations between liver and kidney and in
meat.
The research was conducted in order to investigate the metal
contaminants (lead Pb،cadmium Cd ، arsenic As), which moves
from irrigation water to many types of vegetables which irrigated
from it,and compared the extent of pollution by irrigation source
(treatment sewage، wells water), and by vegetable type
(Vegetables, fruit plants, tuberous), and by the irrigation method
used (surface irrigation ، modern irrigation).
