Comparison between the concentrations of some pollutants in drinking water from distribution system and bottled water

Alsin Spring is the most important water sources in Syrian coastal area, due to it is the source of drinking water for the main cities and towns in the Syrian coast. This research aimed to study some contaminant indicators in Alsin spring and some taps of distribution system of Alsin drinking water, and compare the Indicators with samples of bottled drinking water from Alsin spring and three other water sources (Drekish, Bukkeen, and Alfigeh). The study included determining the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and some heavy metals including lead, cadmium and nickel in water samples. The results showed that all water sources contain varying concentrations of lead, while the nickel and cadmium were vary in drinking water samples; The concentrations of nickel and cadmium in some samples were low while were under the detection limits in other samples. The analysis of samples of bottled drinking water showed that the samples from Alfigeh spring were the lesser contamination with heavy metals, while the samples from Alsin spring were contain highest concentrations of lead and nickel. The samples of bottled water from Bukkeen spring contain the highest level of cadmium. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals differ depending on the water source. However, all these concentrations were lower and within the acceptable limits of Syrian standard for drinking water. The study concluded that water resources in the coastal area are distinguished with their higher pure.

Detection of Some Heavy Metals in Locally Processed and Imported Meat and Meat Products

This study was conducted to identify the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper, iron, zinc) in the following processed local and imported meat: Sardine (canned full), Tuna (canned chunks), Hammour (frozen full), Euphrates Fish (frozen full), fish produced at Qattinah Lake in Syria (frozen full) , lamb (frozen ground), beef (frozen ground), lamb sausage (frozen full), beef sausage (frozen full), sausageproduced in Netherlands (frozen stuffed), lamb liver (frozen full), broiler chicken liver (frozen full), broiler chicken (frozen full), chicken mortadella (canned), beef mortadella (canned), chicken mortadella (canned) produced in Netherlands. Heavy metal concentrations were identified in the samples of the studied meat by atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentrations taken in the wet weight measured in (ppm) were as follows: lead values range between (0.1–5.61),cadmium(0.01–2.02), mercury (0.14 –79.01), nickel (0.11 - 0.82), copper (0.24 – 6.89), iron (1.01 - 91.03), zinc (8.14 - 45.5). It was noticed that in some of the studied samples of the imported and locally-processed meat the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, and nickel were above the levels permitted by WHO (World Health Organization) and by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization).While the concentrations of copper, iron, and zincwere belowthelevels permitted.

Assessing the efficiency of Desalting unit and Treatment Plant in removing some heavy Metals from the Effluent Refinery of Banyas Company

This study aims to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals that are present in the crude oil and in liquid waste of the crude oil desalting unit .The extraction method (liquid-solid) is used for concentrating and extraction these compounds from the saltwater samples .Samples were collected from the unit’s discharging points and from the subsequent treatment stages .A suitable analytical method was used to extract these metals from both of crude oil and the oil refineries᾿ liquid wastes. The objective of this study is to observe the fate of these wastes from the discharging points of desalting unit and through physical – chemical – biological treatment stages and dawn to the receiving water (Mediterranean sea). The results showed that Syrian crude oil contains a combination of heavy metals which includes : (Vanadium – Nickel – Iron – Zinc – Manganese – Copper – Cadmium – Lead - Chromium and Cobalt) .Vanadium showed the highest concentration followed by Nickel and Iron subsequently ,the total efficiency of the treatment plant achieved the following efficiencies : 41.06% (Vanadium), 44.92% (Nickel) and 39.34% ( Iron) ,then the concentration of these discharges where compared with those in marine system to show the possible adverse effects of these compounds on the surrounding biosphere.

Study of some physical and chemical parameters of the Addelbeh Valley water and groundwater in the area of Tartous Cement Factory

This research was performed to study the effect of sewage water on the surface water of the Addelbeh Valley stream, and groundwater on both sides of the stream in Tartous Cement Factory area. Water samples were taken from the factory water outlet and Addelbeh Valley water to study the content of pollutants. We also took groundwater samples from selected wells on both sides of the waterway in the studied area. We repeated that process every two months for a full hydrological cycle from July 2013 to May 2014. We found a great increase in content of the industrial drainage water include oils and heavy metals especially iron, copper and zinc. For example: iron concentration in sewage water exceeded 150 mg/l in all samples. Besides sewage water and stream water contained high concentrations of ammonia and nitrite versus low concentration of nitrate, unlike water wells samples. The study revealed increased EC and salts concentration markedly in wells water due to its adjacency to the sea.

Study of the Efficiency of Tuff and Modified JordanianNatural Zeolite to Remove the Iron Ions (Fe+2)offAqueous Solutions

The possibility of using tuff and modified Jordanian naturalzeolite to remove the iron ions, a model component of heavy metals in underground water, off aqueous solution were studied. Bench-scale process was used to remove the iron ions off standard solutions and real under ground water. Different parameters affected the ion exchange have been investigated, such as concentration, modifier type and PH. Zeolite characterizations weredetermined as XRD, XRF, BET, TGA, andFTIRmethods.We found that the modified zeolite with sodium chloride had more effect than other salts and the iron ions exchange efficiency depends on concentration.Zeolite efficiency was affected by PH value. Time of sorption equilibrium achieved within 250 min. The results agree with Langmuir model.

Using Natural Zeolite to Removal Vanadium, Nikle from Industrial wastewater

The study was carried out to remove of heavy metals (V+5, Ni+2) under static conditions from aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral extracted from south of Syria. The results revealed that operational conditions such as initial solution pH and concentration, adsorbent particle size, the presence of competing cations, are able to affect the adsorption capacity and efficiency of natural zeolite.

Determination of some trace heavy metals in dust particles deposed on the leafs of some trees along Syrian coast

This study deals with the determination of the quantity of solid dust particles deposed on the leafs of some trees along Syrian coast and the concentration of some heavy metals in it (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Co, Mn) .Some sites near to human and industrials activities , and others near to agriculture activities , and others relatively far from pollution sources has been selected. The results showed that the quantity of solid dust particles on leafs trees and concentration of heavy metals in it such as (Pb, Ni, Cd, Co) increasing near the industrials activities and dense traffic, and decreasing in the sites that relatively far from of pollution sources. However Cypress trees attach solid quantities more than Pride of china, following Rever red gum and Blue-leafed wattle and Oleander, and the Palm tree come in the last.

Study of some quality indicators of drinking water in some drinking water resources in Syrian coastal area

Water sources in Syrian coastal area have a great importance due to the variety of the sources and the urgent needs to water for drinking and irrigation. Therefore great efforts are made to protect water sources from contaminants. This research aimed to study some contaminant indicators in some drinking water sources in the Syrian coastal area. The study included determining the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and some heavy metals including lead, cadmium and zinc in water samples taken from five sources of water distributed from north Lattakia to north Tartous. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals differ depending on the water source. However, all these concentrations were lower and within the acceptable limits of Syrian standard for drinking water. The study concluded that water resources in the coastal area are distinguished with their relative purity and contaminants little reach.

Fe and Cu Accumulation In Lamium moschatum Mill.

We present in this study accumulate of two heavy metals (Fe - Cu) in the tissues of flowers , leaves , stems and roots of Lamium moschatum Mill. The study showed that the plant accumulated (Fe - Cu) in different concentrations , with an increase in the concentration of (Fe) in all samples specially in roots . The highest concentration of (Cu) was in flowers (1669.23 mlg/kg) , and for (Fe) was in roots (4539.5 mlg/kg) . The results showed a convergency in the concentrations of (Cu) in the parts of plant for the same sample (432.62 - 490.75 - 353.409 - 272.73 mlg/kg) in flowers , leaves , stems and roots in order . but the concentrations of (Fe) in roots was higher than that in flowers , leaves and stems for the same sample . In sample -5- the value of (Fe) in roots was (1124.91 mlg/kg) but in flowers , leaves and stems at the same sample was ( 234.83 - 218.82 - 205.24 mlg/kg ) in order.

A Comparison of Four Planted Species Abilities to Accumulate Cadmium Element (Cd) in Lattakia City (Alfoursan Park)

This study aims to compare the ability of four plant species (Ficus benjamina L., Bougainvillea glabra, Ligustrum vulgare L., Bauhinia variegate Linn.) to absorb and accumulate the cadmium element which is basically emitted by motor vehicles (transportation). The four species were planted in Alfoursan Park in Lattakia City. Samples of leaves, bark, wood and soil were collected, and then processed (drying, digesting and filtrating) for analysis using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest concentration of cadmium was in the bark of Bougainvillea glabra 4.4 ppm (in dry weight), next in the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra 4.2 ppm, then in the bark of Ficus benjamina L. 3.93 ppm, and finally in the bark of Bauhinia variegate Linn. 3.55ppm. The lowest concentration, however, was in the wood of Ficus benjamina L. 1.66 ppm. The results show the importance of the four species and the potential of absorption and accumulation of the cadmium element. Results also showed the superiority of Bougainvillea glabra over Ficus benjamina L., Ligustrum vulgare L. and Bauhinia variegate Linn. Bougainvillea glabra is classified in the study as an accumulator plant important to purify the environment from the cadmium element.