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Detection of some Heavy Metals in the Locally-Processed Spices

الكشف عن بعض المعادن الثقيلة في التوابل المصنَّعة المحليّة

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Rural Engineering
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study has been conducted to identify the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) in the following spices: Nutmeg, turmeric, cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, nigella sativa, black pepper, cumin, coriander, curry, and mixed spices.



References used
Dmello, J.P.F.(2003). Food Safety: Contaminants and Toxins. GABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxan, UK, Cambridge , MA, P 480
Zaidi, M.I.; Asrar, A.; Mansoor, A.;and Faroogui,M.(2005).The Heavy Metalconcentrations Along Roadside Trees Of Quetta And It Is Effects On Public Health. J. Apple .Sci, 5(4): 708- 711
Sathawara, N.G.; Parikh,D.J.; and Agarwal, y.k.(2004). Essential Heavy Metals in Environmental Samples from Western India .J. Bull. Environ. Conta.Toxicol. 73:756- 761
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This study was conducted to identify the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, copper, iron, zinc) in the following processed local and imported meat: Sardine (canned full), Tuna (canned chunks), Hammour (frozen full), Euphrates Fis h (frozen full), fish produced at Qattinah Lake in Syria (frozen full) , lamb (frozen ground), beef (frozen ground), lamb sausage (frozen full), beef sausage (frozen full), sausageproduced in Netherlands (frozen stuffed), lamb liver (frozen full), broiler chicken liver (frozen full), broiler chicken (frozen full), chicken mortadella (canned), beef mortadella (canned), chicken mortadella (canned) produced in Netherlands. Heavy metal concentrations were identified in the samples of the studied meat by atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentrations taken in the wet weight measured in (ppm) were as follows: lead values range between (0.1–5.61),cadmium(0.01–2.02), mercury (0.14 –79.01), nickel (0.11 - 0.82), copper (0.24 – 6.89), iron (1.01 - 91.03), zinc (8.14 - 45.5). It was noticed that in some of the studied samples of the imported and locally-processed meat the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, and nickel were above the levels permitted by WHO (World Health Organization) and by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization).While the concentrations of copper, iron, and zincwere belowthelevels permitted.
This study was conducted to determine some heavy minerals in different types of canned meat sold in the domestic market. Most of those cans were imported and processed in different countries and they have different brands. The chosen samples after ashing were prepared by using concentrated extra pure Nitric and Hydrochloric acids .The ratios of the minerals )pb , Cd , Ni , Zn , Cu , Mn , Fe ( were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry , and the content was expressed as (p.p.m) wet weight. It was observed that the levels of Lead, Iron, and Cadimum, in all different samples were higher than the permitted limlts according to the Syrian Standards . The Cu level in both , tuna and sardine was within the permitted limits, but it was higher in the chicken Lunchoen. The level of Zinc was within the permitted limits according to the Syrian standards. The highest ratio of Lead was observed in the sardine imported from Morocco which was 8.765 p.p.m and in the Lunchoen processed in Syria which was 5.18 p.p.m ,and both ratios are much higher than the permitted limits according to the Syrian Standards.
Spices are becoming increasingly important world-wide due to their effectiveness as natural antibiotics, the thing that makes the world nowadays tend to use spices instead of chemical drugs. However, this doesn’t mean they are free of some dangerous pathogens such as Klebsiella spp. which can lead to a wide range of illnesses, notably pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and bacteremia. Although we don’t know the natural habitat of this bacterium we find that it thrives in herbs and spices, concluding thus that plants may be its natural habitat. The primary isolation of this bacterium was based first on its growth on general media and then isolation on selective media. Colonies of the microorganisms were counted on different media then Klebsiella was isolated from a selective media. The isolated colonies of Klebsiella were circular, dome-shaped, 3-4 mm in diameter, with mucoid sticky edges, and surrounded by capsule. After this we chose the typical colony and identified it using Polymerase chain reaction PCR and biochemical tests. Our results showed that 32% of examined specimen contained Klebsiella spp.
The samples of bee pollen were collected from inside and outside the honey beehives of apiaries situated in five different locations of Latakia; Al-Qardahah, Al-Haffeh, Jableh, Latakia city and Eastern Entryway to Latakia during the autumn in 2014 . The concentrations of three heavy metals, zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) were determined in pollen by using atomic absorption.
A comparison was made between Papaver and Malva plants in Aljaouba area between the grown plants on the roadside (0-3 m) , and also50 m far nearly exposure to the pollution . The study in volves a comparison analyses for the concentrations of some he avy metals in the tissues of two studied plants ,during the period April-July 2010 , in order to show the effect of the increased number of vehicles on the concentrations of these metals . The analyses showed that a change of the mineral content of some heavy metals in the tissues of the leaf, according to its far and near to the road , where concentrations of Pb , Cu , Fe , were decreased in various rates , according to the faring stepwise from the road . It also noticed an increasing inthe concentrations of these elements by increasing number of vehicles . The results showed also that plants , which are growing on the roadside , are affected by the pollutants emitted by exhausts , where plant length , leaf weight , leaf area , water content were decreased . The Pollutionalso affected the reproduction and production structures , where the number of flowers and its weight , distances of petals , number of stamens , number of fruits and their weight were decreased .
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