An experiment was carried out in Iraq, Wasit Governorate, Numaniyah city in 2021 in clay soil with a salinity of more than 4 decimeters- 1, pH 7. To find out the effect of reducing irrigation water and reducing the amount of mineral fertilizer on soi
l salinity and some growth characteristics and yield of wheat crop. The experiment included On two factors, the first factor included two irrigation systems, namely surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, while the second factor included four levels of fertilization p1, p2, p3, p4 in quantities of 200, 250, 350, 450 kg | hectares respectively P4 (450) kg | hectares The results and statistical analysis showed Show irrigation by spraying r2 and fertilizing p4 at a dose of 450 kg | Hectares outperformed in surface irrigation and lower fertilizer doses in the number of spike grains and the weight of 1000, Grain weight in square meters and harvest index. The experiment was carried out in a splat- plot design with three replicates, and the study included eight treatments in each replicate.
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This study includes the evaluation of the problem of seawater intrusion in Al-Bassa area in
2014 through chemical monitoring of a group of sampling wells, under certain condition
that were subjected to the area during the research, representing by
rainfall precipitation in
the study area was only 500 mm/ year, as a result in the suspension of irrigation from 16
October lake and reuse of many abandoned pumping wells.
This study founds an increasing in the salinity values in the Al- Bassa coastal area of
summer in 2014, ranging between(665.6-6432mg/l)after increasing daily pumping rates, in
addition to the increasing of chloride and sodium concentrations in most of sampling wells
water in conjunction with high salinity levels. In the fall, the salinity values ranged
between 490-950 mg / l. The geochemistry of Na/Cl indicates values less than 0.84 in
most water samples during the summer, while in autumn this percentage was higher than
0.84 in most samples ,to be an indicator for marine water.
Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant
regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under
in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced
reg
eneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren
cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance
of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which
planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant
calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera
and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control
(6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height,
number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants.
Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological
markers for in vitro salt tolerance .
According to the importance of economic solar ponds in domestic and industrial
daily practical applications and its international widespread, this created the basis of an
experimental study on a prismatic solar pond. It is internally painted in bla
ck with a surface
measurement of (1m2) and a lower measurement of (0.42m2) and 1m deep. It constitutes
four levels of gradual salinity separated by transparent glassy tablets /home glass/ of
(6mm) thickness. On its lower level, a black solid mass is placed (black volcanic stones of
equal dimensions; almost around 1cm). Upon studying the temperature and the stored
thermal amounts of via subsidiary time every day from 9 am until 5 pm, the average rate of
stored thermal amount each hour calculated according to the following equation:
(Q = m.Cp.ΔT) during six months (February until July 2016) was:
9962.445 KJ, 9516.28 KJ, 10783.471 KJ, 9765.836 KJ, 14010.393 KJ, 12164.320 KJ
respectively.
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe
some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it
with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and qua
lity and Cd and B
concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river:
A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river
edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e.
less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively.
The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49
mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd
concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l.
However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and
higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l,
whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the
Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC
for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer
than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings
demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The
increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than
the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range
of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).
Marfona cultivar were chemical mutagen using 20, 30 and 40 mM of Ethyl Methane
Sulphonate (EMS) for 2, 3, 4 hrs in 2013. was conducted to improve potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) tolerance to salinity. Plants Marfona mutagen from M5 and unmutagen were
cultured with Spunta and Falouka Cvs in 2015. Plants were later subjected to another
selection pressure, by irrigating them using water containing Nacl between 0-200 mM The
results showed that the gradual increase in Nacl concentrations caused a significant gradual
decreases in most vegetative, yield and its component characteristics. Mutant plants varied
with unmutant for Marfona, Spunta and Falouka in plant height varied from 68 to 41 cm
and number leaves varied from 21 to 12 leaf. and stem diameter varied from 1.349 to 0.370
cm and leaf area varied from 235 to 84 cm2. However, produced tubers number varied
from 9.3 to 2.8 and weight them from 740 to 155 grams and tuber weight from 75.2 to 24.6
grams.
The results also showed variations in the extent of tolerance between studied
treatments to salinity stress where 4T3P2 treatment was the most tolerant.
The aim of this research is to study Influence of different salinity
concentrations on efficiency of feed utilization of Goldfish
(Carassius auratus) fingerlings.
No mortality occurred during the period of the experiment (21
days) at different salinity concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/l).
Proven chemical analyzes conducted in the summer of 2014 to thirty wells in the
village AL-Shamia- Latakia region, that water wells west of the adjacent village to the
seaside up to 300 m distance to the east where the salinity increases while decreasing the
East Village to become water sweet near way of Lattakia-Kassab, at a distance of 1500 m
fromn the sea beach.
Studying and drawing the soil maps is considered by using the way of data
integrating the remote sensing and the geographical information system of new and
developed technologies in which we define what all related to soil through these studies
an
d drawing maps to it for example
a possibility of drawing the following maps:
1- Drawing a map of situation and the materials of soil surface.
2- Drawing a map of difference of soil colors sensing the soil content of organic
matter.
3- A map of lands declination and their salinity and efficiency of drainage in them.
4- Drawing a map of drainage.
In the research performing and drawing the up mentioned soil maps for south-west of
Hama region by using the new technologies which they have opened for us many horizons
in all domains related to many subjects particularly, the subject of this research .
Sector No. 5 is located on the right side of Euphrates River, Southeast of
ALMyadeen City. Many lands there are not suitable for agricultural uses, because of the
saline soils. This research aimed to evaluate the system of the unconfined groundwate
r
resources, by adopting the measurement results in 40 piezometers, drilled in aquifer of
quaternary deposits which consist of loam, gravel, and sandy gravel, underneath which are
impervious Neogene deposits.
The annual changes of groundwater levels of quaternary aquifer were 1-3 meters, due
to rain and irrigation water leaking. The groundwater table is shallow (less than 2.5 m),
because of the excessive irrigation, which gives an urgent necessity to construct effective
drain network to reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater salinity reaches 29 gr/liter, and
concentrations of the chloride and sulphate are 11 gr/liter, 3,5 gr/liter in some locations,
because of the natural and artificial situations. Therefore, this groundwater is not suitable
for domestic, or agricultural purposes in most areas of the region.
