Effect of conditions for the development of bio-mass on the olive mill wastewater in their chemical composition

The Bio-mass was isolated from the medium of the water olive soaking , and was developed on two medium olive mill wastewater OMW.

Use of Non-Conventional Water in the Production of Safe Fodder Crops

An experiment was conducted for two seasons 2015 -2016, to study the effect of treated waste water (TWW) on some fodder crops productivity at Salamieh Research Center (GCSAR), on triticale and sesbania crops within crop rotation. This experiment was conducted with collaboration between (ACSAD) and (GCSAR). The experimental design was split plot design with three replicates, using drip irrigation (DI) and surface irrigation (SI) systems with two treatments namely fresh water (FW) and (TWW). Soil and water were analyzed before cultivation.

Study of some indicators affecting the effectiveness of chromium reduction in wastewater from tanning

This research aims to: Determination of optimal pH values to reach the highest efficiency of chromium removal in industrial wastewater from tanneries by chemical deposition. Access to close concentration of the permitted concentration of chromium in treated tannery wastewater according to Syrian Standard No. 2580/2002 (Table 1).

Using Fixed Bed Columns packed with natural zeolite to Removal heavy metals from Industrial wastewater of Banias Refinary

Fixed bed adsorption columns packed with natural zeolite were used to study the kinetics of heavy metals removal from the single component solutions of Vanadium, Nikle, Zinc, and Lead. The system parameters studied include solution flow rate and bed height. The effect of competing cations was also studied to establish the effectiveness of natural zeolite in treating Industrial wastewater under continuous conditions using fixed bed columns. The metal loaded natural zeolite was regenerated using NaCl . The results from column studies showed that the Slower flow rates gave better removal efficiencies compared to faster ones, Longer bed heights also resulted in greater adsorption efficiencies. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was successfully used to simulate experimental results at 30 % breakthrough. This model provides the necessary parameters needed for fixed bed column design, the factor R2 ranged between 0.91 – 0.95. Natural zeolite was exposed to 3 cycles of adsorption and desorption. The efficiency of the column in removing heavy metals was high, The results indicate that natural zeolite can be regenerated and re-used in removing heavy metals from solution.

Study of Some Water and Soil Pollution Parameters of Rumaila River in Jableh, Lattakia

This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and quality and Cd and B concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river: A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e. less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively. The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49 mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l. However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l, whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).

The Syrian Water Situation – An Analytical Study with Future Prospects

This research aims to shed a light on the current state of the Syrian water resource through studying the present resources and analyzing the demand on them and their availability during the period (1992-2012). This study focues at deriving the future forecast on the development of the demand on these resources in order to better conceptualize their current state. This in turn will lead to concluding a set of results and recommendations that could contribute to improve the state of the water resource in the sense of achieving sustainability and prohibiting its depletion through the efficient and planned usage.

Economical value investigation of olive mill wastewater pretreatment

Pretreatment is one of the most important stage in olive mill wastewater (OMWW) plants. Statistically, the cost of chemicals in pretreatment will be not more than 0.02 €/m³OMWW for some kind of chemical coagulants such as CaO.

Lead, Zinc Removal from Industrial wastewater using Syrian Natural Zeolite /phillipsite/ from southern Syria

The study was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Pb+2, Zn+2) under static conditions from single- and multicomponent aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral extracted from south Syria. The removal has an ion-exchange nature and consists of three stages: the adsorption on the surface of microcrystals, the inversion stage, and the moderate adsorption in the interior of the microcrystal, The study showed that equilibrium time is 6 hours, and The slight difference between adsorption capacity of the Zeolite toward lead, zinc from single- and multicomponent solutions may testify to individual sorption centers of the zeolite for each metal. The maximum sorption capacity toward pb2+ is determined as 33.89 mg/g at an equilibrium concentration of 261.07 mg/L and toward Zn+2 as 29.18 mg/g at 309.818 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms were used to evaluate natural zeolite adsorption performance for Lead, Zinc. These Isotherms were able to provide suitable fit with experimental data, the factor R2 ranged between 0.95 – 0.99, with better fit to Langmuir Isotherm.

A Comparison Between monopolar and bipolar Electrode configurations on Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater by Electrocoagulation Process

In this work, the performance of batch electrocoagulation (EC) treatment using iron electrodes with monopolar and bipolar electrode configurations for trivalent chromium (Cr (III)) removal from a synthetic wastewater was investigated. The influences of current density (from 2 to 25 mA/cm2) and initial metal concentration (from 100 to 250 mg/L) on the removal efficiency were explored in a batch stirred cell for monopolar and bipolar configurations. Removal of Cr (III) by EC process from aqueous solution with both monopolar and bipolar electrode configurations was a feasible process. For the initial Cr (III) concentration of 250 mg/L, almost complete removal (99.88%) of Cr (III) was noted after 20 min of EC in case of bipolar electrode arrangement at 25 mA/cm2 with 4.5 mmol/L of supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4) against 89.58% of Cr (III) removal for monopole electrode configuration. At the same electrolysis time, the power consumption was 47 and 15.3 kWh/m3 in case of monopolar and bipolar configuration respectively for the previous removal conditions.

Modeling determination of kinetic and operational coefficients for a bioreactor used in olive mill wastewater treatment

Since the reaction in the WWPs bioreactors is included in enzymatic catalytic reactions type, then the kinetic coefficients can be determined due to Michaelis-Menten model. A tow-parts computational program was built by means of MS Excell.