As AI reaches wider adoption, designing systems that are explainable and interpretable becomes a critical necessity. In particular, when it comes to dialogue systems, their reasoning must be transparent and must comply with human intuitions in order
for them to be integrated seamlessly into day-to-day collaborative human-machine activities. Here, we describe our ongoing work on a (general purpose) dialogue system equipped with a spatial specialist with explanatory capabilities. We applied this system to a particular task of characterizing spatial configurations of blocks in a simple physical Blocks World (BW) domain using natural locative expressions, as well as generating justifications for the proposed spatial descriptions by indicating the factors that the system used to arrive at a particular conclusion.
Ideally, people who navigate together in a complex indoor space share a mental model that facilitates explanation. This paper reports on a robot control system whose cognitive world model is based on spatial affordances that generalize over its perce
ptual data. Given a target, the control system formulates multiple plans, each with a model-relevant metric, and selects among them. As a result, it can provide readily understandable natural language about the robot's intentions and confidence, and generate diverse, contrastive explanations that reference the acquired spatial model. Empirical results in large, complex environments demonstrate the robot's ability to provide human-friendly explanations in natural language.
We deal with the navigation problem where the agent follows natural language instructions while observing the environment. Focusing on language understanding, we show the importance of spatial semantics in grounding navigation instructions into visua
l perceptions. We propose a neural agent that uses the elements of spatial configurations and investigate their influence on the navigation agent's reasoning ability. Moreover, we model the sequential execution order and align visual objects with spatial configurations in the instruction. Our neural agent improves strong baselines on the seen environments and shows competitive performance on the unseen environments. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrate that explicit modeling of spatial semantic elements in the instructions can improve the grounding and spatial reasoning of the model.
With increased attention to regional and spatial planning in the world and the need to pay
attention to modern spatial development methods, increased thinking for necessity urban
networks as a mechanism for achieving spatial development in small an
d medium-sized
cities, operating alone, has been enhanced by changing the spatial structure of the
Territory, raising qualitative and quantitative use, To collect the assets and resources of the
cities of the Region that accept participation in potential opportunities and risks.
The analytical study was implemented by proposing an urban network in the Greater
Damascus Region that examines the nodes and links, and uses the SWOT system to
examine opportunities and possibilities, its relationship to the problems and determinants
of selecting the best scenario for the proposed urban network examines the effect of
applying the urban network concept on changing the spatial structure of the Greater
Damascus Region, and propose a workable mechanism at the spatial-sectorial level.
The research concludes with a set of conclusions and recommendations that determine the
importance of the networking of cities according to their location, which is capable of
adapting to the changes taking place in our Syrian cities. In the absence of a future vision
for regional development that is appropriate to the current situation, taking into account the
economic, social and spatial changes taking place; and which hinder the achievement of
the proposed national framework for regional planning in 2010.
There have been numerous studies dealing with the environmental and social aspects of the
type of buildings with internal courtyards, through studying the functions of the internal
courtyard, environmental, utilitarian, social and formative. but th
ese studies did not address
the importance of internal courtyard in achieving the ease of spatial orientation, through its
role in easy access to the space required In buildings in general, and in university buildings
in particular.
The research starts from the following hypothesis: The morphological and Syntactical
characteristics of the internal courtyard of the university buildings affect the ease of
orientation of the users, and aims to identify these characteristics that achieve easy access
to the goal. For this purpose, including theoretical and practical colleges, where a special
description of the morphological characteristics of the internal courtyard in the university
buildings, and determinants that help the designer in the use of the internal courtyard in
designing of spatial configurations of the university buildings to achieve the ease of spatial
orientation.
The idea of spatial interpolation stands of great importance depending on the accuracy of
estimated (Hydrogeological) parameters of this area, which reduces excessive efforts to
reach the best Hydrogeological model of the region with as little as p
ossible, thus reducing
the overall cost of the project.
The studied area is located within the Sin plain (the southern part of the JABLEH plain).
A free layer of water, ranging between 1m and 30m in thickness.
The study relied on groundwater level data, soil thickness and type in 339 wells.
The importance of this research Lies in mapping the best spatial distribution of
characteristics using spatial statistical methods
The aim of the research is to estimate the Coefficient of Permeability of the aquifer layer
and its effective thickness using the two methods of spatial statistics methods (Kriging and
IDW) for Hydrogeological parameters in the southern part of the Jableh plain.
Regional planning is currently one of the pillars of the state and a measure of its
development, because planning works to show the current or the future problems, and puts
the appropriate solutions. So there is no doubt that the population is the
main goal of any
planning process by ensuring the various requirements of life for the increasing number of
them year after year. Finding adequate housing is therefore one of the first steps in the
planning process.
The problem of population growth is one of the most prominent problems facing countries
at present time. This is evident in city centers, which results in many problems such as
informal housing. In this study, we had a spatial study to determine the best location for
establishing a new city in order to accommodate the increasing number of population
within the Lattakia Governorate (Syrian Arab Republic), and we also achieved a
population study in order to determine the future population growth.
Geographic information systems (GIS) have proven its efficiency in spatial and
descriptive data management and analysis, so they have been relied upon to determine the
appropriate places for urban expansion based on a set of criteria collected from a range of
research that affect the selection process of these areas, through spatial analysis tools
within the GIS software to reach the appropriate areas of expansion to accommodate the
expected population growth.
This study aims is to analyze the effect of spatial accuracy of the control points on the
images geometric correction accuracy, and this is done by applying tests on the same
image (IKONOS), where polynomial transformations were applied using sets
of control
points, each with absolute accuracy different from the other. These points were
extrapolated from a 1/1000 topographic map and from a georeferenced MOMS satellite
image with geometric accuracy of 2m and measured by GPS. The study showed that it is
possible to obtain the most accurate geometric correction by using control points with
absolute accuracy close to the spatial resolution of the image. It also showed that the use of
more precise control points would not ameliorate the accuracy of the geometric correction,
because the measurement of these points on the image is limited by its spatial resolution.
تشير الخدمات البلدية أو خدمات المدن إلى الخدمات الأساسية التي يتوقع المقيمون في المدينة أو البلدة من حكومة المدينة أن توفرها لهم، وتشمل هذه الخدمات (مرافق الصرف الصحي – الشوارع – المدارس – المراكز الصحية – الكهرباء) وغيرها من خدمات.
وتختلف الخدمات ا
لبلدية المتوفرة لدى بلدية ما بحسب الموقع والتشريعات والتاريخ والتقاليد، وقد تختلف الخدمات المقدمة من دولة لأخرى أو حتى داخل الدولة الواحدة.
إن المهمة الأساسية للخدمات العامة هي تلبية احتياجات ورغبات السكان، وكونها أيضا تمثل جزءاً مهماً من البنية الفيزيائية والاستخدامات الحضرية للتجمع السكاني، لذلك كان لابد من العمل على توزيعها وتطويرها بشكل يتناسب مع التطور الحاصل لذلك المجتمع.
تعد قضية توفير الخدمات العامة إحدى القضايا الأكثر الحاحاً، ويمثل تحديد المعدلات والمعايير التخطيطية للخدمات إشكالية مهمة من إشكاليات التنمية العمرانية في سوريا، وبرغم كل التطلعات الطموحة لتحقيق المعدلات الأعلى أو المعدلات المثلى أو المعدلات القريبة لنظيرتها العالمية، إلا أنه يصعب احداث طفرة فجائية لتحقيق هذه المعدلات الأعلى.
وقد شهدت المعرفة الجغرافية تطورا ملحوظا في مجالات مختلفة، واستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وإمكانياتها في التحليل المكاني لهذه الخدمات، فنظرا لأهمية هذه الخدمات وارتباطها المباشر بالسكان تحتاج إلى عمليات رصد وتوقيعها في نظام المعلومات الجغرافي وإنشاء قاعدة بيانات شاملة لها على أجهزة الحاسوب.
ولإنجاز هذه المهمة يمكن الاستعانة ببعض النظم التي تهتم بالتخطيط الحضري والتي من أهمها نظم المعلومات الجغرافية، التي تتمتع بقدرة عالية على استيعاب كم هائل من البيانات والمعلومات، مع إمكانية ربطها بمواقع جغرافية، إضافة الى قدرتها على القيام بالعديد من العمليات الحسابية.
Geographic Information Systems) GIS), and its advanced spatial and statistical analysis of traffic accidents at the city level, play a key role in improving traffic safety and urban development. This paper presents a general methodology for spatial a
nd statistical analysis of traffic accidents within Homs city during three consecutive years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Maps are produced representing the spatial distribution of point traffic accidents within the city where is covered with a network of squares (300 m * 300 m) to identify the most dangerous areas in terms of the number of accidents. A map representing the most dangerous road segments is also produced in Homs city. In addition, the analysis of statistically significant hot spots (Getis-Ord Gi *) is performed. Through this study and the maps produced, dangerous areas and roads segments that have the largest number of accidents during the three years are well identified. These maps can be presented to decision-makers in the field of transport and traffic to study them from all aspects and work to solve the problems that led to an increase in the number of accidents.
