3D Modeling of Urban Areas by Close Range Photogrammetry Software & Geographic Information System (GIS)

The production of 3D models of urban areas, using aerial photographs, is of great benefit to companies and small engineering offices. But the major problem is the high cost of Digital Photogrammetry Workstations (DPWS) that are currently used for the production of this kind of models. In addition, the use of these workstations requires long experience and good knowledge in photogrammetry. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution for 3D modeling of urban areas from a stereoscopic pair of aerial photos, a low cost close range photogrammetry software and the applications of 3D modeling available in some Geographic Information System (GIS) platforms. The close range photogrammetry software is a low coast system, compared to DPWS, and it doesn’t require any spatial background in photogrammetry. This software is used to extract the heights of elements that exist in the study area. GIS is used to produce the 2D map from the aerial photo. This map and the height data are used later to produce the 3D model of the study area.

Automation of Topographic map from CAD to Geo Database in GIS

GIS software provide manual import tools to maps produced on CAD software to be transformed to geo-database. This operation consumes time and effort. The "transformation" however will not be adequate unless we analyze the relation between CAD and GIS software in preparing maps. The question raised here if this relation competitive or integrative? This research tries to answer this matter by studying it from different angles: modeling, spatial feature, scale, spatial analysis and data management. Analyses reveal that this relation isn't competitive at all, but rather integrative, as CAD software produce technical\design plans, whereas GIS software are dedicated for the production of general and thematic maps. Thus, CAD based spatial data (topographic, cadastral, master plans) could be "up-graded" to be efficient in GIS environment. However available tools to make this are basically manual, and for that, an automated approach was developed to execute this upgrade from CAD to GIS. This new approach was applied and evaluated and the output results were satisfactory accurate, time\effort saving, and indeed didn't miss any of CAD layers. This all could be achieved if being conditioned with the approach constrains.

Building 3D Digital Models For Cities in Large Topographic scales in GIS

3D GIS can be realized as an actual building platform of the urban space. This research develops automated 3D urban models that fit large-scale digital photogrammetry. Originally, modeling used manual or semi-manual techniques, and there is a need to for a development of an approach that automates the transformation of vector linear data, optimized by digital photogrammetry stations to create the 3D volume model in 3DGIS. This approach consists of three main phases: roof modeling, wall modeling and volume structuring. During the first phase, local and conditional "Delaunay Triangulation" method is used to deal with the majority of roof types regardless of its geometry. The second phase is completely automated to create the walls by the vertical projection (Top-Down) of the outer line of the roof into the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and then by the selection of the bottom base level as the default level. Finally, different elements of the structure can be aggregated using spatial relationships (many-to-many) already supported by GIS software. The new approach is created and completely automated. It doesn't require roof geometric-types library, which asserts the GIS is a valid platform to build, to view and to store 3D urban models.

3D modeling of archeological sites using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

3D models of historical sites and monuments are very interesting in archaeology and digital tourism fields. These models help archeologists document historical sites and analyze the relationships between their components. Moreover, 3D models constitute an attractive factor that encourages visiting sites and presents virtual information about cultural heritage. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses capabilities of CAD (Computer Aided Design) and GIS (Geographic Information System) systems to construct spatial and semantic database for historical sites and modeling them in 3D. Users of the mentioned database can use it to gather information about sites and to navigate across them via the animation capabilities in GIS. The proposed ideas will be applied on the historical site of Ras-SHAMRA in Lattakia. Spatial data concerning the site will be acquired form a topographic plan designed in 2004. These data will then be processed and introduced into GIS environment. ArcGIS software will be used to achieve an Archeological Information System (AIS) for the site and to construct a 3D model of the site and the royal palace.

A comparison between ways of the digital representation the ancient structures surfaces and create vertical sections (Khawabi-Tartous Castle)

The 3Dimension representation of facilities engineering an important stage in the context of the expression of the engineering facilities and design engineering and subsequent action to be carried out. From this point of our research is designed to compare the methods of digital representation triple dimension to civilian facilities with special uses, including the archaeological monument for subsequent Business (documentation, restoration) and ease of access to cross-sections. Technical and economic comparison was conducted between three ways : 1. The traditional way using modern civil 3d programs and programs of digital photography using mobile phone hardware and software approval. 2. Using the different potential of Geographic Information Systems, GIS software. 3. The possibility of using a Laser scanner And adopted as a standard in the comparison the method that gives maximum of economy to achieve the technical conditions.

A comparison between ways of the digital representation the ancient structures surfaces and create vertical sections (Khawabi-Tartous Castle)

The 3Dimension representation of facilities engineering an important stage in the context of the expression of the engineering facilities and design engineering and subsequent action to be carried out. From this point of our research is designed to compare the methods of digital representation triple dimension to civilian facilities with special uses, including the archaeological monument for subsequent Business (documentation, restoration) and ease of access to cross-sections. Technical and economic comparison was conducted between three ways : 1. The traditional way using modern civil 3d programs and programs of digital photography using mobile phone hardware and software approval. 2. Using the different potential of Geographic Information Systems, GIS software. 3. The possibility of using a Laser scanner And adopted as a standard in the comparison the method that gives maximum of economy to achieve the technical conditions.

Creating GIS Application For Weighting Roads By Tourist Attraction

New sciences have greatly contributed in improving analysis processes and subsequently lead to better understanding of the future. The more knowledge and information are available, the better planning process will be. Furthermore, better data leads to better decision-making. This is the basis of Geographic Information System (GIS). Due to its great ability in processing and analyzing extensive and various amount of spatial data, GIS has solved many obstacles in the research field since it was first launched. GIS plays an important role in the field of tourism planning as it contributes in developing new applications that serve modern touristic. In this research paper, GIS will be used to build an effective system that will improve touristic planning in Lattakia governorate. A spatial database will be created, that includes the most prominent touristic places in the city, such as restaurants, hotels, religious and historical sites.etc. Each of the touristic attractions will be evaluated, and then a tool , created in GIS environment, will be used for weighting roads network, in order to determine the touristic weight for each path in roads network.

Use of (GIS)Techniques to Study a New City Site as a Solution for Urban Expansion in Lattakia Governorate

Regional planning is currently one of the pillars of the state and a measure of its development, because planning works to show the current or the future problems, and puts the appropriate solutions. So there is no doubt that the population is the main goal of any planning process by ensuring the various requirements of life for the increasing number of them year after year. Finding adequate housing is therefore one of the first steps in the planning process. The problem of population growth is one of the most prominent problems facing countries at present time. This is evident in city centers, which results in many problems such as informal housing. In this study, we had a spatial study to determine the best location for establishing a new city in order to accommodate the increasing number of population within the Lattakia Governorate (Syrian Arab Republic), and we also achieved a population study in order to determine the future population growth. Geographic information systems (GIS) have proven its efficiency in spatial and descriptive data management and analysis, so they have been relied upon to determine the appropriate places for urban expansion based on a set of criteria collected from a range of research that affect the selection process of these areas, through spatial analysis tools within the GIS software to reach the appropriate areas of expansion to accommodate the expected population growth.

ArcGIS Pro Guide With Practical Applications Production Of A Topographical Map And Spatial Analyzes For An Area Within Tishreen University

In recent years, GIS software has undergone great development in many levels, although the basics of GIS have remained constant for a long time. In order to meet the requirements put forward by the global GIS community, Esri™ had to start over with an entirely new methodology, laying a solid foundation that would allow performance and experience to guide, the release of ArcGIS Pro. Which is the latest example of this qualitative leap in keeping pace with the visual development of the GIS interface, and the development in methods of sharing and editing on the web. Therefore, the idea of this project came to shed light on this platform, which represents a qualitative leap in the field of GIS software. The importance of this project comes from the fact that it provides an educational guide with practical applications of the latest GIS software (ArcGIS Pro), where the project objectives can be summarized as follows: • Provide a step-by-step introductory guide on learning to use the latest ArcGIS™ software ‘ArcGIS Pro’ from Esri ®; • Topographical and detailed survey of an area within Tishreen University. • Conducting practical applications within the ArcGIS Pro platform for the study area, by producing a topographical map of the studied area and performing some topographical analyzes. The project includes four main chapters, the first chapter explains the concepts of geographic information systems (GIS), while the second chapter explains an introductory and detailed guide to the (ArcGIS Pro) platform, and the third and fourth chapters provide a practical application (field and office) to produce a topographic map within the Tishreen University campus, using ArcGIS Pro platform, with a number of spatial analyzes performed.