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Register a new userEconomical study for production and marketing of wheat and cotton crops in Al-Ghab area in Hama
دراسة اقتصادية لإنتاج و تسويق محصولي القمح و القطن في منطقة الغاب – محافظة حماه
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علي محمود عبد العزيز( باحث )
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على الرغم من تزايد خبرة المنتجين الزراعيين في إنتاج محاصيل القمح و القطن، و تحسين مسـتوى الإنتاج و الإنتاجية من تلك المحاصيل، إلا أنه تواجه المنتجين عدة معوقات تؤثر سلباً في الناتج النهـائي لهم، و ما يظهر من الدراسة الحالية انخفاض الإنتاجية من وحدة المساحة بالنسـبة لمحصـولي القمـح و القطن، و ارتفاع تكاليفها، و من ثم تدني الدخل النهائي منها، و قد أبدى أكثرية المزارعين عـدم رضـاهم عن العمل في إنتاج هذه المحاصيل، و كانت أسباب عدم الرضا بسبب ارتفاع تكاليف الإنتاج، و السعر غير المناسب، و ارتفاع أسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج الخ. و كذلك الأمر فـإن الخـدمات الإرشـادية التـي تقـدم للمزارعين ضعيفة و ليس على المستوى المطلوب، و هي من الأسباب المهمة لتدني الإنتاجية. و مـن ثـم يمكن تطوير النشاط الزراعي عن طريق تحسين الخدمات الإرشادية، و تخفيض أسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج، و تحسين أسعار البيع، و لذلك لابد من العمل على تخفيض تكاليف الإنتاج لمحصولي القمح و القطن و زيادة إنتاجيتها، و تحسين عمل الوحدات الإرشادية و تفعيلها و نشر الوعي و المعرفة و تدريب المـزارعين علـى الطرائق الحديثة في الزراعة، و سبل تخفيض التكاليف الإنتاجية، و العوامل التـي تسـاعد علـى زيـادة الإنتاجية من وحدة المساحة، و تعريف المزارعين بمحاصيل أخرى يمكن أن تكون بديلة في المستقبل.
In spite of an increase of farming experiance, producers are still facing many obstacles which affect negatively on their final income. It is clear from this study the decrease of productivity per unit area of wheat and cotton crops and high production cost, caused decrease of the final income. Most of the farmers, were not satisfied with cultivation of these crops, due to increase of production cost, unsuitable price, lack of cultivation requirements and the prices rising…..etc. Also, the extension services offered to the farmers are poor and not at the required level. That was the most important reason for the decrease of the productivity. Consequently, it is possible to develop the agricultural activity by improving the extension services and decreasing the prices of production requirement and improving the selling prices. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the production costs of wheat and cotton crops, increase their productivity, improve and activate the extension units work and spread awareness and knowledge about modern methods of cultivation as well as ways of decreasing the productivity costs, the factors which help to increase the productivity from unit area, and acquainting the farmers to other crops, which could be alternative crops in the future.
References used
(Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. 1995. Evaluation of Agricultural Policies in Syrian Arab Republic, Policy Analysis Matrix Approach, United Nation, New York. (14
الجميلي، جدوع شهاب الدين. 1998 . تحليل اقتصادي وقياسي لدوال إنتاج وتكاليف محصول القطن في محافظة صلاح الدين، أطروحة دكتوراه، كلية الزراعة والغابات، جامعة الموصل.
المنظمة العربية للتنمية الزراعية. 1994 . إمكانيات تنمية إنتاج القمح والحبوب في الوطن العربي، ملخص تنفيذي، الخرطوم.
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The research study was conducted in Hama Governorate during the
agricultural season of 2010 - 2011 through a stratified random sample of 201
farmers who cultivate irrigated durum wheat in the research area in order to
measure the yield gap, the pr
oductive efficiency divergence among farmers and
to determine the effect of using different amounts of the productive factors in
the production process. It also aimed to determine the contribution level of
these factors in the gap formation, as well as to determine the production phase
in which farmers of the sample stand. Descriptive analysis methodology in
addition to the multiple regression technique were used to estimate production
functions. Results showed a yield gap up to 32.6% between farmers in the first
phase and those who are in the fourth phase. The reason why productivity in
large size farms was higher than in small size farms that the second production
stage, the profitable one occurred in large size farms, while the first production
phase occurred in small economic capacity farms. So, another combination of
the production inputs can be used in order to reach a marginal product value
which equals the price value and to increase the production level plus the
productivity of the farmers in the research area.
The study included the reality of marketing crop sugar beet in Syria in general, and
in al ghabb 's area , in particular, has shown results that the problems and difficulties of
marketing sugar beet back to the non-compliance of farmers date of Agr
iculture
appropriate and space devoted to the cultivation of the crop sugar beet and assessed by the
General Authority to manage and develop Al Ghabb's area, in addition to the failure of the
extension units in turn supply the deadline cards provide timely and sufficient quantities to
farmers as a result of the process control system of favoritism in the distribution of cards
supply extension units.
In addition to the low energy manufacturing to the sugar mill, and its inability to
absorb the quantities produced in excess of the agricultural plan, along with breakdowns
lab frequent result gave the mechanisms used in it, and the need for frequent maintenance,
and low efficiency of some sections of the lab, and the control system favoritism determine
the degree of sweetness, as shown by the results Search also "high production and
marketing costs for sugar beet crop and is higher than its price.
Sahl Al-Ghab zone is characterized by the availability of natural and human
appropriate conditions for the cultivation of cotton, and it's one of the most desired
agricultural crops for export, in addition to the big need for local textile mills wi
th both of
its public and private sectors, and it's also one of the strategic and social crops. However,
between 2005-2013, cotton cultivation fell back in this region to be replaced mainly by
wheat in addition to other crops, and the main reasons for this decline is that there is no
proportionality between the price of cotton and production costs, as the price of the
kilogram of cotton rose from 31 S.P in 2005 to 100 S.P in 2013, while the price of the liter
of diesel – the main factor in the cultivation of cotton – rose from 25 S.P in 2005 to 60 S.P
in 2013.
Through this research, We knew the reasons for the decrement of cotton cultivation
in Sahl Al-Ghab zone and choosing the wheat and nothing else to replace it, especially that
wheat cultivation didn't achieve better economic returns of cotton.
On the contrary, it had negative results in terms of non-application of the agricultural
cycle and the spread of diseases such as wheat rust disease that spreaded in Sahl Al-Ghab
zone in the last years and which reflected negatively on production.
The study was conducted in the eastern region of Syria to know the extent of
cultivation development of wheat and cotton production and the factors
affecting these crops during 1996-2010. The results showed that the effect of
time on the productio
n and productivity of wheat was not changed statistically,
while the cotton area was decreased significantly during the study period. The
total production of wheat was also affected significantly and positively by
cultivated area and planting costs per hectare, and negatively by purchase
price, while the production of cotton was affected significantly and positively by
costs and purchase prices. According to the geographical region, the results
showed that the production in the eastern region was significantly affected by
Al-Raqqa production for wheat and cotton crops and Al-Hassake production
for wheat crop. However, wheat productivity at Deir Ezzor was significantly
superior compared to Al-Raqqa and Al-Hassake. The study recommended
expanding the cultivation of wheat and cotton and support and expand the role
of agricultural extension.
Legumes crops have a vital role in nutrition and in crop rotation. This study was
conducted to assess the productivity and economic efficiency of some legumes
crops (feed-fodder) in Salamieh district, Hama governorate, during 2011/2012
season. A r
andom sample of 110 farmers were selected according to an application
prepared for the purpose of the research. The results showed a high cost of the
seed up to 19.76% of the total costs, while the cost of harvesting achieved up to
36% of the total costs, due to manual harvesting. The lentils and grass pea were
profitable for the farmers at Salamieh district, where the average of overall rate of
profit was (7.67, 21.92%) and the rate of the changing asset was (1.32 and 1.53) S.P.
respectively. This is a proof of the investment efficiency of the available resources
and production increase. While the profitability of chickpeas and vetch did not
exceed 4%, and the rates of the changing asset were (1.21،1.26) S.P. respectively.
Also, the results showed that the economic efficiency of all crops was greater than
one. Grass peas had the highest economic efficiency (1.22), which indicates the
efficiency of farmers in the use of fixed and variable capital. and thus, the feasibility
of cultivation legumes crops in Salamieh. This study concluded to expand grass pea
cultivation, as long as marketing market is available, also, improved varieties for
automated harvesting, and high-productivity, to improve the farmers income and
productivity.
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