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Register a new userAn economic study for the production of irrigated durum wheat in Hama Governorate
دراسة اقتصادية لإنتاج القمح القاسي المروي في محافظة حماه
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أجريت الدراسة في محافظة حماه للموسم الزراعي 2010–2011 من خلال عينة عشوائية طبقيـة مكونة من 201 مزارع من مزارعي القمح القاسي المروي في منطقة الدراسة. بهـدف قيـاس الفجـوة الإنتاجية و فروق الكفاءة الإنتاجية بين المزارعين، و من ثم تحديد أثر استخدام كميات مختلفة من مدخلات الإنتاج، و تحديد درجة مساهمة هذه العوامل في حدوث الفجوة، فضلاً عن تحديد المرحلة الإنتاجيـة التـي يتم فيها الإنتاج لدى مزارعي العينة. استخدمت الدراسة أساليب التحليل الوصفي فـضلاً عـن اسـتخدام أسلوب الانحدار المتعدد في تقدير دوال الإنتاج. أوضحت االنتائج وجود فجوة إنتاجية تصل إلـى 6.32 % بين مزارعي الفئة الأولى و مزارعي الفئة الرابعة، إذْ إن الإنتاجية في المزارع الكبيرة كانت أعلى منها في المزارع الصغيرة، حيث يتم الإنتاج في المرحلة الإنتاجية الثانية - و هي مرحلة اقتصادية - في المـزارع كبيرة السعة، في حين يتم الإنتاج في المرحلة الإنتاجية الأولى غير الاقتـصادية فـي المـزارع صـغيرة السعة، أي إنَّه يمكن استخدام توليفة أخرى من مدخلات الإنتاج حتى تتساوى قيمة النـاتج الحـدي مـع السعر بما يمكّن من زيادة الإنتاج و رفع الكفاءة الإنتاجية للمزارعين في منطقة الدراسة.
The research study was conducted in Hama Governorate during the agricultural season of 2010 - 2011 through a stratified random sample of 201 farmers who cultivate irrigated durum wheat in the research area in order to measure the yield gap, the productive efficiency divergence among farmers and to determine the effect of using different amounts of the productive factors in the production process. It also aimed to determine the contribution level of these factors in the gap formation, as well as to determine the production phase in which farmers of the sample stand. Descriptive analysis methodology in addition to the multiple regression technique were used to estimate production functions. Results showed a yield gap up to 32.6% between farmers in the first phase and those who are in the fourth phase. The reason why productivity in large size farms was higher than in small size farms that the second production stage, the profitable one occurred in large size farms, while the first production phase occurred in small economic capacity farms. So, another combination of the production inputs can be used in order to reach a marginal product value which equals the price value and to increase the production level plus the productivity of the farmers in the research area.
References used
Hobbs, P.R., K. D. Sayre and J. I. Ortiz-Monasterio. 1998. Increasing Wheat Yields Sustainably. through Agronomic Means. NRG, p: 98-01. Mexico, D.F.: Mexico
Lobell, D. B., K. G. Cassman and C. B. Field. 2009. Crop Yield Gaps: Their Importance, Magnitudes, and Causes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34: 179-204
المركز الوطني للسياسات الزراعية. 2012 . وزارة الزراعة والإصلاح الزراعي، سورية.
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In spite of an increase of farming experiance, producers are still facing
many obstacles which affect negatively on their final income.
It is clear from this study the decrease of productivity per unit area of wheat
and cotton crops and high produ
ction cost, caused decrease of the final income.
Most of the farmers, were not satisfied with cultivation of these crops, due to
increase of production cost, unsuitable price, lack of cultivation requirements
and the prices rising…..etc.
Also, the extension services offered to the farmers are poor and not at the
required level. That was the most important reason for the decrease of the
productivity. Consequently, it is possible to develop the agricultural activity by
improving the extension services and decreasing the prices of production
requirement and improving the selling prices. Therefore, it is necessary to
decrease the production costs of wheat and cotton crops, increase their
productivity, improve and activate the extension units work and spread
awareness and knowledge about modern methods of cultivation as well as ways
of decreasing the productivity costs, the factors which help to increase the
productivity from unit area, and acquainting the farmers to other crops, which
could be alternative crops in the future.
The main objective was to study the economic efficiency of Durum wheat in
AL-Hassaka governorate during the growing season of 2010/2011 through a
stratified random sample included 119 farmers distributed in 10% of the target
villages. The results
showed that Duma 1 variety had achieved the highest
proportion in relation to the rate of adoptions and the highest adoption rate
compared with other varieties cultivated with irrigated Durum wheat in ALHassaka
governorate. Sham 3 variety had also the highest adoption rate
(47.47%) and widely distributed compared with other varieties Durum wheat
cultivated as a rain fed crop. The results also showed that the net return of
irrigated Durum wheat was in AL-malkia and amounted to 1653.17 Syrian
Liras/ Dunum while losing -261.50 Syrian Liras per Donum in AL-kamshli.
Duma 1 variety reached the highest net return (2443.58 Syrian Liras per
Donum) of irrigated Durum wheat. The net return of rain fed Durum wheat
was observed in AL-Malkia and amounted to 792.92 Syrian Liras per Donum
while losing -158.18 Syrian Liras per Donum in AL-kamshli. Sham 7 variety
had the highest net return of rain fed Durum wheat and amounted to 1847.48
Syrian Liras per Donum.
Cherry trees are considered one of the important fruit trees because of their economic, nutritional and health value. Cherry comes after apples in terms of economic importance in Syria. It is planted in two ways: watering and raining.
There are many ideas that come to the mind and many questions that keep coming
to the mind when it comes to analyzing the phenomenon of using the methods and tools to
help in the planning and making appropriate decisions.
In this research we tried
to display the importance of statistics and the most important
methods depending on the number of variables used in this analysis: descriptive
statistical indicators in case we had one variable, indexes in case we had two variables,
and factor analysis and analysis of variance in case we had several variables. These methods
were applied to production of irrigated wheat crop, both types soft and hard, during
the period 2000 - 2010 and the factors affecting its production, such as: the cultivated area,
yield, fertilizers, water, the average cost and the average price. Then the data were analyzed
using the Statistical package SPSS and program Excel. After that, they summarized
in two main factors that justify together (86.116%) of the overall variance. The first factor
was related to the land and everything related to it through a set of variables, which are:
the cultivated area and the need to fertilizers and water., The second factor was the importance
of the selling price of the crop per kilogram.
This research was conducted to determine the most responsive phenological
stage for supplementary irrigation of the durum wheat in a primary stationary
region.
It consisted of six different water treatments in addition to control (non
irrigated)
:
1-From planting to seedling emergence; 2-From planting to tillering; 3-From
planting to booting; 4-From planting to flowering; 5-From planting to the end of
the milk stage; 6–Sowing irrigation and irrigation according to necessity
throughout the milk stage.
The study has been repeated in four blocks for three seasons from 2002 to
2005. The results of the first two seasons showed that the:
The treatment from planting to booting, was canceled because of the rain and
soil dampness during this growth period. A significant increase in production,
water use efficiency, and one 1000 kernel weight, of both 5th and 6th treatments was
noticed in comparison with other treatments and the control. Results of the three
seasons were varied due to the environmental variation in temperature and amount
of rainfall.
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