Sahl Al-Ghab zone is characterized by the availability of natural and human
appropriate conditions for the cultivation of cotton, and it's one of the most desired
agricultural crops for export, in addition to the big need for local textile mills wi
th both of
its public and private sectors, and it's also one of the strategic and social crops. However,
between 2005-2013, cotton cultivation fell back in this region to be replaced mainly by
wheat in addition to other crops, and the main reasons for this decline is that there is no
proportionality between the price of cotton and production costs, as the price of the
kilogram of cotton rose from 31 S.P in 2005 to 100 S.P in 2013, while the price of the liter
of diesel – the main factor in the cultivation of cotton – rose from 25 S.P in 2005 to 60 S.P
in 2013.
Through this research, We knew the reasons for the decrement of cotton cultivation
in Sahl Al-Ghab zone and choosing the wheat and nothing else to replace it, especially that
wheat cultivation didn't achieve better economic returns of cotton.
On the contrary, it had negative results in terms of non-application of the agricultural
cycle and the spread of diseases such as wheat rust disease that spreaded in Sahl Al-Ghab
zone in the last years and which reflected negatively on production.
This research was conducted at Abu Jerash farm, Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University during 2011/2012 season to assess the effect of different
doses and concentrations of physical and chemical mutagens on some
quantitative and qualitative t
raits in the second generation (M2) of two
varieties of durum wheat.
Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the varieties,
treatments and the mutual interactions. Bowhoth 9 was superior in the average
of total number of changes (16.59%) compared with Doma1 (13.29%). The
total number of qualitative changes in the varieties studied was 14 types of
change, alternated and varied in appearance with the different doses and
concentrations of mutagens used. Bowhoth9 was superior in the average of
grain`s number (238.84), grains weight (11.89g) and the one thousand grain`s
weight (58.35g) in comparison with the parallel counterparts of averages
174.31, 7.06g, 54.38g, respectively in Doma1.
This research was conducted in Abo Jarash farm (College of Agriculture,
Damascus University) in 2009/2010. Fifteen strains of durum wheat contrived
by ACSAD and ICARDA were studied, the productivity and its main
components were compared with four
certified varieties of durum wheat in
Syria. The experiment was designed in complete randomized block design with
three replicants. The results showed the presence of significant differences
between the strains in most of the studied traits, and the strains derived from
ACSAD were featured in the performance under the experiment condition.
And those strains were characterized by the early heading, and maturity
comparing with the wildly cultivated varieties in Syria and some of them were
super or in grain production as Acsad 1311, Acsad 1327, Acsad 357(3648.36,
2988.75, 2884.80 kg/ha). The results confirmed the importance of the some
components of productivity, weight of thousand grain, number of spikes, And
plant length which were correlated positively with the productivity in unit area.
In spite of an increase of farming experiance, producers are still facing
many obstacles which affect negatively on their final income.
It is clear from this study the decrease of productivity per unit area of wheat
and cotton crops and high produ
ction cost, caused decrease of the final income.
Most of the farmers, were not satisfied with cultivation of these crops, due to
increase of production cost, unsuitable price, lack of cultivation requirements
and the prices rising…..etc.
Also, the extension services offered to the farmers are poor and not at the
required level. That was the most important reason for the decrease of the
productivity. Consequently, it is possible to develop the agricultural activity by
improving the extension services and decreasing the prices of production
requirement and improving the selling prices. Therefore, it is necessary to
decrease the production costs of wheat and cotton crops, increase their
productivity, improve and activate the extension units work and spread
awareness and knowledge about modern methods of cultivation as well as ways
of decreasing the productivity costs, the factors which help to increase the
productivity from unit area, and acquainting the farmers to other crops, which
could be alternative crops in the future.
A number of diseases attack wheat crop in Syria. Yellow rust or stripe rust
(Puccinia striiformis West f. sp. tritici) is considered the most important rust
disease of wheat in the cool and humid wheat growing area. The disease spread
in all wheat
growing areas in Syria specially in the irrigated and humid area.
To identifey the distribution and severity of the disease during the two seasons
1999-2000 and 2000-2001، field survey have been conducted in 76 fields in the
first season and 73 fields in the second season in different wheat growing area
in Syria.
The results showed a variation in the ratio of dry material derived from wood
samples of (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The dry matter weight was (432.23 mg) (716.95
mg) for each of the waterless wood and internal wood respectively.
It was found that
the most important fungi associated with wheat seed group are:
Fusarium sp. (36%) and Alternaria sp. (28%) and Aspergillus sp. (12%) and Rhizopus sp
(9%) and Penicillium sp (6%) and fungi are not defined by (9%).
It was found that the wood extracts from (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) varied in the of
the Almiceleom inhibition to the tested fungi growth (Fusarium sp. , Alternaria sp. and
Aspergillus sp.) in the nutritious environment according to the type of the extracts,
concentration and targeted fungi. The effect of the wood extracts has increased as the
percentage of the dry matter of the heart wood increased. The incremental heart wood
ratio increased inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi. On the other hand, the wood
extract gave of waterless wood less effect of Miceleom inhibiting on the growth of tested
fungi in general. The effectiveness of the mixtures Increased as heart wood concentration
increased. It has been Found from the data that there was difference in migraine
concentration of the heart wood extracts and waterless wood mixtures largely. the Extract
of the mixture wooden gave (10:10) the highest efficiency among the three tested extracts
on the fungus, where the EC50 values were less than 46.50, 84.66 and 131.54 ppm for each
of the fungus (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. And Alternaria sp. respectively.
The research was carried out at Al-Qamishli Agricultural Research Center, GSAR,
Syira, during the seasons 2011, 2012 and 2013, in order to estimate the effect of
adding different levels of a crude Zeolite (T2-20 tons/ha, T3- 40 tons/ha, in addition
to the control (without adding Zeolite T1), on wheat productivity within a bilateral
crop rotation was followed, consisted of wheat and chickpea, and on the content of
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the surface layer of the soil .The research
was conducted using Complete Randomized Block Design with three replicates.
