يجب ألا يؤدي الاحترام المطلق لمبدأ الشرعية إلى تعريض الدولة و المجتمع لخط الانهيار في حال تعرضها لظروف استثنائية طارئة.
سأتبع في هذا البحث الأسلوب التحليلي المقارن بين الأنظمة المتعددة في كل من فرنسا و مصر و سوريا.
The question of the transition of power in the Ottoman Empire, an important issue
shed Ottoman sultans, and occupied their mind for long periods, as they interned them in
the midst of civil conflicts and local war, have been instrumental and head i
n a broad and
fundamental to the regime and the quality of the ruling lines, as have contributed to the
emergence of the forces involved sultans and their influence was able to sneak into the
decision-making centers and succeeded later in the appointment of the sultans and withheld
from their basic tasks in the leadership of the state and society, paving the way for the
conversion of the Ottoman government and the Alslltani Palace to the headquarters of the
rival gangs competing. Doing all effort to harness the potential of all state of the army and
of the financial treasury to buy military alliance and issue decision reflected negatively on
the society in which they toil under a huge financial burden in order to provide the
necessary cash-turned collected main recipe for the rulers and leaders.
Army no longer provides the honor of the empire and sanctifies the sultan to comply
with his orders as spiritual father to them but turned into tools brutalize sultans and take
over others, especially that they were only puppets or animated structures for sultans
helpless unable to take crucial decision.
It is almost well known that Franz Kafka has practiced serious
influences on so many Arabic novelists and short story writers, especially
in the sixties and the seventies of last century. Among the most important
and central themes in this writer'
s works is what we call (The authority
and the chased hero). And being one of Kafka's most influential themes
on Arabic novelists, we have chosen it as the topic of this paper. For the
practical study we took, on one side, all Kafka's novels, and on the other,
that is the Arabic novels, we took some of four writers' novels. Those
four writers are: Fadhil al- Azzawi, Jabra I. Jabra, George Salim and
Muhyi Eldeen Zangana.
The study traces the encounter faces between the novels of Kafka
and those of the chosen Arabic novelists.
This research deals with structure of power and its concept in Farabi's political
philosophy, by analyzing his basic thesis of Utopia, and analyzing the relation between
governor and the parish, and explaining the political connections that control
this city, like
the stratification and ideological structure down to the relationship between the prophecy
and philosophy, all this through systematic reading deals with the power of speech and its
relationships, and the semantic context through which these ideas emerged, and the nature
of cultural relationships that control thought and cultural production in that era. By
understanding Farabi's political ideas and their situation of speech context emerged the
category of (good authority) as a reflection of the structure of that era, and an alternative to
the category of existing power at that time which was based on tradition and the sanctity of
hereditary rule. Here Farabi's summon the pronouncements of the Greek speech and
reconstructing and integrating them in the context of the Islamic intellectual on the one
hand becomes a necessity which is required to the building of the political alternative of
religious feudal authority, and on the other hand its unique feature and characteristic
distinguish the Farabian philosophy through his building a philosophical pattern which
combines rationality and inspiration.
Citizenship is identified in terms of a constellation of rights intermingled with
social and political duties including the right to vote, enjoying the public liberties related to
political practice, and occupying general posts, etc. Such contribut
ion is based on the
principle of equality, and acknowledging the full membership of the individual within his
community. The citizen, however, is obsessed by elevating the civilization of his
homeland, and continuing its history of progress and modernity.
Authority is a political and economic concept the existence of which requires the
status of human conglomeration. Hypothetically, it should be elected democratically. Its
function is to avail multifaceted services in order to guarantee the continuity of society and
government, thus, the citizen and the state. Henceforward, authority types basically spring
from the variety of services that are supposed to provide to society and citizens.
The practical applicability of the principle of citizenship is likely to ensure the
strength of states and the availability of the elements of its independent existence, the
sovereignty of its authority, its citizens' monitoring of its treasures and wealth, its officials'
keenness to keep it progressed and elevated, and their dedication to keep it upright.
Accordingly, what is the relationship between rights and duties? What is the relationship of
each of them to citizenship and authority?
This study aims to reveal the Argumentative Dimension and
mechanism of its formation in the poetic text and deliberative about
the pragmatics laws that govern the poet's awareness and affect its
Social ،as well as showing the impact of Psychologic
al ،culture
and cultural context to the argument text may see beginning a way
from any effort argumentative differentiated in the descriptive
pictorial and if its variety orbital guidance clirsc loses attributes of
which was strongly borne when the ،the collective consciousness
who had an idea and his art mentors of this awareness ،old poet
even if they tried to break free from the cullet.
The power is correlated to the life cycle of every political group, since the membership in any community involves subordination to its authority, i.e. to the power that define a framework for all members of society for their behavior and activitie
s, this framework serves planned social objectives; thus Individuals respect this framework in order to maintain the social association and to prevent it from dissociation and dissolution.The current trend in constitutional jurisprudence is to restrict the power of polity and put suitable limits of it to ensure no arbitrariness from its side, and to prevent it from infringement and prejudice to the rights and freedom of individuals. The concept of sovereignty as it was described by traditional jurisprudence does not mean that power has no limits, since the release of sovereignty is relative.Thus, the power of polity is restricted by the Goal of its existence, which is to protect the natural rights and freedom of individuals. Polity non-interference in these rights and freedom is not enough, as there should be a positive commitment from the polity to protect such rights and freedom within the limits that permitted to all to practicing it.
