The phenotypic correlation and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and its components in four local maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two locations i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.

The phenotypic correlation and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and its components in four local maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two locations i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.

Changes in the amount of proteins in seeds and stems cells of seedlings of Maize Plant (Zea mays L.) cultured in solutions of some heavy metal salts

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of some heavy metal ions on total protien metabolism in seeds and seedlings of maize plant (GHOTA 82) and study the changes in the morphological specifications of plant, after cultivating for 6 days in solutions at different concentrations of water and heavy metal ions Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+. The results showed that heavy metal ions have inhibitory effect on total protien metabolism, which decreased their amount in seedlings, While accumulated in the seeds. This inhibitory effect depends on the type and concentration of heavy metal ions. The results also showed morphological changes in the maize plant seedlings, which decreased their growth due to the effect of these ions.

The phenotypic correlation and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and its components in four local maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two locations i.e.

Estimation of Heterosis of some productive traits for hybrids of maize(Zea mays) under industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamiacretica

This study was conducted at the of field research station Sianow belong to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research at Lattakia, to evaluate the susceptibility of maize hybrids produced by using half Diallel the cross according to the design ofrandomized completeblocks (R.C.B.D), under industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamia cretica. Hybrids were compared with the control (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid (P1 × P2) Showed positive and highly significantheterosis for Ear diameter and tolerance forlarge corn stem borer compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid (P2 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the number of kernels per row compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). Also the hybrid (P1 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the number of kernels per row relative to the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). hybrid (P4 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the recipe grain yield compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid(P5 × P6) also showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the Percentage of dead hearts of the developing summit compared with the average of the parents and the best parents, and compared with the check (Ghouta- 82), therefore it can be considered as a sensitive hybrid.

Estimation of General and Specific Combining Ability for strains and hybrids of maize (Zea mays) under industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamia cretica

The study was done at the field research station Sianow of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research at Lattakia, to evaluate the susceptibility of 6 strains of maize Zea mays. L, and fifteen maize crosses obtained by half Diallel cross, against under conditions Industrial infection by large corn stem borer , Sesamia cretica Led. The experience was designed at randomized complete blocks (R.C.B.D). Strain IL.257-09)P1( expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Number of kernels per row(3.089), number of holes (-1.261). Strain IL.298-09 (P2) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Ear length (0.717), Intensity of damage (-0.432),% of yield loss (-6.022). strain IL.286-09 (P3) general high capacity to the attributes of diameter Ear (0.292), number of rows per ear (2.806). Strains IL.255-09 )P4) )0.036( and IL.228-09)P5) (0.969) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of grain yield. Strain IL.262- 09(P6) expressed general high capacity to the attributes of 100- Kernel weight (1.942), infestation grain yield) 0.784), tunnel length (-5.629), Percentage of dead hearts (-1.132).

A study of the Genetic Behaviour of Some Yield Traits in Half Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.

Influence of Zinc and Boron Nutrition on Concentrations of some nutrients in Maize plant

Field experiment was conducted during the season (2011 – 2012) at Bhanine village in Tartous city. Maize seeds of Ghouta 82 variety were planted in plastic pots filled with calcareous soil .Treatments including three levels of B (0, 3, and 6 kg.ha−1) and four levels of Zn (0, 8, 16 and 24 kg.ha−1) added to the soil, in a completely randomized block design with three replications, to study the effect of different levels of boron and zinc and their interactions on maize content of some nutrients. Results of this study showed that there was a clear effect of B and Zn and their interactions in soil on leaf content of Mn, Fe and Cu. High amounts of zinc in the soil had a clear effect on reduced leaves content of B and increased its content of K. The presence of a of B in the soil, assisted to increasing of leaf N content. There was a significant effect of B and Zn interaction on leaf content of Zn, and no effect on leaf P content.

The response of salt hardening of Maize seeds to salt stress

In order to study the effect of prime treatment (salt hardening) on maize seeds (variety Ghouta 82) and type of irrigation water on the plant response to salt stress through the effect on the productivity and the plant tissue contents Cl, Na and K. Maize seeds were soaked in Euphrates fresh water (EC:1.03 dS.m-1), or in agricultural drainage water (EC: 5.89 dS.m-1) for (12) hours, the seeds therefore were dried and planted in plots of (15 m2) for each replicate and then irrigated with four different types of water; (100 % Euphrates water, 50% Euph. water + 50% agri. drain. water, 33 % Euph. water + 67 % agri. drain. water, and 100% agri. drain. water) during the growing season. K, Na, and Cl in plants were determinated, 1000 grains weight, and grain yield production were estimated in kg.h-1 for each replicate and treatment. The results showed that, it is possible to have 3 tons of grain / hectare by irrigation with agricultural drainage water, which is acceptable, under semi-arid conditions. Salt hardening of maize seeds increased seed yield by (32.80%), which is considered satisfactory under the experimental conditions.

Effect of plant growth regulators on metabolism of proteins in the seedling of Maize plant stems cells

This research aims to study the proteins transformation in zea maize plant seedlings cells, (GHOTA 82) under the influence of phyto hormone Auxin & grothregulators 2,4-D and IBA. Maize plant seeds were germinated in water medium for six days in darkness and temperature of 25 ºC. The quantity different groups of proteins, were analyzed in the stem cells of the developing seedling mesochotyles after incupation in darkness water and in different solutions of auxin, 2, 4D & IBA (in concentration 50 mg/l) for 20 hours in 26 ºC. The results showed that had inhibition effects on hydrolysis of protein groups in zea maize plant seedlings cells.