Effect of Selenium, Sulfur and Phosphor fertilization on Shoot Dry Weight of Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown in Two Different Soils

An experiment was conducted on maize crop (Zea mays L.) in plastic pots in two different soils (Qurna soil, which is poor organic matter and the other soil from Maysan marshes, which is rich in organic matter), to study the effect of selenium, sulfur and phosphate and their interaction on dry weight of shoot of maize crop. Selenium was added at four levels (0, 10, 20 and 40 g Se ha), sulfur at three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg S ha), and phosphorus at three levels (0, 60 and 120 kg P ha).

Genetic Behavior of Some Quantitative Traits of Yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) Single Crosses

Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day) compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4- 985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates.

Inheritance of grain yield and its components in line by tester method of maize (Zea mays L.)

This study was carried out at the Scientific Agriculture Research Center, Al-Ghab, Syria, during 2013 –2014 growing seasons to estimate heterosis, combining ability, phenotypic correlation and path analysis for plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant for eighteen hybrids produced by the line × tester method, the major findings were: inbred lines, testers, hybrids and combining ability mean squares were significant for all traits, indicating that additive and non-additive gene actions were the important in inheritance of all traits. The ratios of σ2 GCA/σ2 SCA showed that non-additive gene action was more important in controlling all traits except of number of kernel per row. Heterosis percentage for all traits were significant compared with the check variety except of ear height trait. GCA effects showed that the lines P1 and P7 were good combiners for grain yield per plant, also, SCA effects showed that P2×P8, P5×P8, P4×P9 and P1×P7 crosses were the best F1 combiners for grain yield per plant. Results of phenotypic correlation and path analysis values showed that ear length, ear diameter and number of kernel per row were positively and significantly associated with grain yield per plant, also, these traits can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in maize.

Heritability, heterosis and genetic advance in three hybrids of maize (Zea mays) that resistant to maize stalk borer Sesamia cretica

The experiment was grown in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications, to estimate the heterosis, degree of dominance and the inbreeding depression of three hybrids of maize.

Mycoflora Associated with MaizeGrains Stored and mycotoxin contamination produced by Fusariumverticillioides (Sacc.)

This study was carried out to survey the mycoflora of maize grain stored in the autumn season in 2011. Special attention to was paid to Fusariumverticillioides and detection of chemical analysis on the toxins Fumonisin(FUM) and zearalenone (ZEA) produced from F.verticilloides in three locations for the receipt and storage of grain in Deirezzor and Raqqa and Hasaka. The results showed that maize kernels discolored in rate of between 28.9, 32.5 and 36.4% respectively in Hasaka, Deirezzor and Raqqa. There was a positive coloration between maize kernels discolored and grain moisture percent. Microbial analysis showed associated fungi were Penicillium spp. (40.2%), Aspergillus spp. (37.4%), Fusariumspp. (12.6%), Rhizopus spp. (4.5%), Mucor spp. (3.8%) and Alternaria spp. (1.4%). F. verticillioides was the most frequency of Fusarium spp. Rates 83.8, 78.9 and 82.0% respectively in Deirezzor, Raqqa and Hasaka.Toxins (FUM) in Deirezzor was between 0.6 -5.3 mg / kg, and between 0.9 - 6.7 mg / kg in Raqqa, and from 0.2 to - 2.3 mg / kg in Hasaka, while Toxins (ZEA) were between 0.2-2.1, -0.5 7.6 and 0.03-0.8 mg / kg respectively in the three locations.Chromatographic analysis showed that the isolation of 42 out of 60 isolates of F. verticillioides was producing Toxins (FUM), were more isolates producing isolates Raqqa by 80%, in Deirezzor 70% and 60%. In Hasaka.

Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and its components in yellow Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids

This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield.

Estimation of Correlation and Path coefficient for hybrids of maize(Zea mays) under conditions industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamia cretica

It was evaluated the susceptibility of 6 lines of maize, and fifteen maize crosses, against by large corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Led under conditions Industrial infection. A study of the correlation coefficient showed linear relationship of yields by 100- Kernel weight.

The phenotypic correlation and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and its components in four local maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two locations i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.

The phenotypic correlation and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and its components in four local maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components in maize. Four local genotypes of yellow maize were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at two locations i.e. Damascus and Dir Al-Zor under three nitrogen fertilization levels (130, 195 and 260 of N. ha-1), The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. Split split plot design was used with 4 replications. Results of phenotypic correlation values showed that grain yield at Damascus location was positively and significantly associated with ear height (r= 0.204**), ear length (r= 0.205**) and number of rows per ear (r= 0.228**). On the other hand, grain yield at Dir Al-Zor location was positively and significantly associated with all studied traits at combined data whereas, it was positively and significantly associated with ear length at three levels and combined data (0.305*, 0.410**, 0.347** and 0.375**, respectively). The data of path coefficient analysis showed that ear length, ear height and number of rows per ear had positive direct effects on grain yield variation and thus grain yield improvement can be achieved through selection for ear length and ear height at Damascus location (11.06%). On the other side, data showed that each of ear height, number of kernels per row and 100-kernel weight had positive direct effects on grain yield variation (32.98%) and thus, 100-kernel weight can be considered as selection criteria may lead to the improvement of grain yield in yellow maize at Dir Al-Zor location.

Estimation of General and Specific Combining Ability for strains and hybrids of maize (Zea mays) under industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamia cretica

The study was done at the field research station Sianow of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research at Lattakia, to evaluate the susceptibility of 6 strains of maize Zea mays. L, and fifteen maize crosses obtained by half Diallel cross, against under conditions Industrial infection by large corn stem borer , Sesamia cretica Led. The experience was designed at randomized complete blocks (R.C.B.D). Strain IL.257-09)P1( expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Number of kernels per row(3.089), number of holes (-1.261). Strain IL.298-09 (P2) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of Ear length (0.717), Intensity of damage (-0.432),% of yield loss (-6.022). strain IL.286-09 (P3) general high capacity to the attributes of diameter Ear (0.292), number of rows per ear (2.806). Strains IL.255-09 )P4) )0.036( and IL.228-09)P5) (0.969) also expressed general high capacity to the attributes of grain yield. Strain IL.262- 09(P6) expressed general high capacity to the attributes of 100- Kernel weight (1.942), infestation grain yield) 0.784), tunnel length (-5.629), Percentage of dead hearts (-1.132).