Evaluation of the performance of some wheat varieties under drought stress in tillering stage

This research was conducted at Izraa research station of The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research during the growing season 2010/2011 to study the performance of six durum wheat varieties at early growth stage under water deficit stress. The experiment was designed using randomized complete block design with three replication. The statistical analysis results of the experiment clearly showed genetic variations among cultivars under water stress. Drought stress caused a depression in all studied traits. Mean yield decreased in average 31.7 %. The number of spiks/ m2 was the most trait affected by drought stress, It decreased in average 29.1% while biological yield decreased in average 24.26%. It was observed that the number of spikes per m2 was the highest in the variety Hourani (191) and the highest number of grain per spike (34.1) whereas the variety Bohouth7 and the variety hourani recorded the highest thousand grain weight (40.5 g). The statistical analysis results showed that the variety Cha5 a achieved the highest grain yield per m2 (239.4 g), whereas, the variety Bohouth7 recorded the lowest grain yield per m2 (182.8 g), under water deficit stress conditions.

التفاعل الوراثي البيئي و ثباتية الغلة لطرز و سلالات مبشرة من القمح القاسي في مواقع بيئية سورية متباينة

اختُبر 12 طرازا وراثياً من القمح القاسي Triticuum. du لصفة الغلة الحبيبة في ثلاثة مواقع بيئية متباينة خلال موسمي 2014/2013 ,2015 /2014 و تضمنت المادة الوراثية 7 سلالات مبشرة و خمسة شواهد تمثل أصناف القمح القاسي المحلية لمنطقتي الاستقرار الأولى و الثانية في سورية. صممت التجربة وفق تصميم القطاعات الكاملة العشوائية في ثلاثة مكررات, حللت البيانات و تمت المقارنة وفق اختبار أقل فرق معنوي LSD عند مستوى دلالة 5%.

Response of Some Syrian Bread Wheat Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertilization: Growth and Productivity

This study was conducted in a pot experiment during 2012-2013 to investigate the response of four Syrian bread wheat cultivars (Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6) to increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N/h). Nitrogen was added in two equal split applications, half was added as urea (46% N) at sowing, and the second half was added as ammonium nitrate (33.5 % N) at tillerring and stem elongation stage. Some growth and productivity parameters were investigated. Nitrogen application led in all four cultivars to significant increase in number of tillers, productive on the expense of non-productive tillers. This was accompanied by a significant increase in number of spikes on plant and number and weight of grain in the spike. Sham 6 had a higher number of productive tillers at nitrogen rate of application 200 kg N/h, whereas Bohouth 4 had a greater height for main stems and tillers compared to other cultivars. Grain productivity increased with the first level of nitrogen application (40 kg N/h) by a rate of 53, 57, 55, and 48 % for cultivars Sham 4, Sham 6, Bohouth 4, and Bohouth 6, respectively. Grain yield reached with nitrogen application of 200 kg N/h to 15.89, 15.96, 13.6, and 15.7 ton/h, respectively. Cultivars differed significantly in grain yield within each nitrogen application level. Grain yield for Bohouth 6 got closer to Sham 4 and Sham 6 with nitrogen application reaching 160 kg N/h, and after which became not significantly different, while grain yield of Bohouth 4 remains significantly lower compared to all cultivars.

A study of the Genetic Behaviour of Some Yield Traits in Half Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.

Variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of some yield traits in hybrids of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.)

This study was carried out at Karahta Station of Field Crop Research, General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 cropping seasons in order to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficient between the traits and the path coefficients analysis for the most affected traits in grain yield.

Genetic variability, heritability and heterosis in improvement of grain yield and quality traits in the hybrids of Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.)

This study was carried out through the cooperation between Faculty of Agricultural Damascus University and General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Researches in Karahta station of field crops researches during 2010- 2011 and 2011-2012 successive seasons. Four hybrids of durum wheat namely (Duma1*Sauady), (Buhuth9*Q88), (Sham7*Q130) and (Horaney*Q131) were evaluated to estimate heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and inbreeding depression for days to heading ,grain filing period, plant height, number of spikes per plant, and number of grains per plant. The mean average for all these traits revealed highly significant differences among crosses. Low in protein content trait (23-69%), medium in grain yield per plant (38-70) and high heritability in thousand kernel weight (62-81%) were found. All hybrids showed the highest for both mid and better parents heterosis for protein content and gluten traits. High heritability was accompanied by high genetic advance for thousand kernel weight. Low heritability was coupled with low genetic advance for grain yield per plant, protein content and gluten. However, greater magnitude of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance in some traits provided that these parameters were under the control of additive genetic effects. This indicates that selection should lead to fast genetic improvement of the material. Moreover, the high genetic correlations for most of the traits, suggested a strong inherent association among these traits at the genetic level. Thus these traits deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat in stress environments.

Contribution of flag-leaf in yield and its components in five improved varieties of Durum wheat (T. turgidumvar. durum)

Five improved genotypes of durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum) (Lahn, Cham1, Gezira17, Bouhouth 5, and Acsad 65) were planted under the conditions of the agricultural region (Bouka) of the Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University during the agricultural year 2002-2003, with a split-plot arrangement to study the effects of flag leaf removal on grain yield and its components.The genotypes differed significantly in flag leaf area, stomatal frequency, yield parameters and protein content. Flag leaf removal significantly reduced plant height, number of spikelets/ spike, number of grains/ spike, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield, while grain protein content significantly increased. There was a positive correlation between the flag leaf area and 1000- kernels weight and grain yield, but protein content was negatively correlated with grain yield.

التفاعل الوراثي البيئي لبعض الطرز الوراثية من القمح القاسي تحت تأثير معدلات بذار مختلفة لصفة الغلة الحبية

اختُبر 12 طرازا وراثياً من القمح القاسي Triticuum. durum لصفة الغلة الحبية في ثلاثة مواقع بيئية متباينة خلال موسمي 2013-2014 , 2014-2015 بثلاثة معدلات بذار ( 150, 200 ,250 ) كغ/ ه و تضمنت المادة الوراثية 7 سلالات مبشرة و خمسة شواهد تمثل أصناف القمح القاسي المحلية لمنطقتي الاستقرار الأولى و الثانية. صممت التجربة وفق تصميم القطاعات الكاملة العشوائية في ثلاثة مكررات, حللت البيانات و تمت المقارنة وفق اختبار أقل فرق معنوي LSD عند مستوى دلالة 5%.

Evaluation performance of Some Lentil (Lens esculenta L.) Genotypes under irrigated and rain-fed agriculture conditions

The research was conducted at Abo-Jarash farm, faculty of agriculture, Damascus university during the two growing season 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in order to evaluate genetic variability of some lentils genotypes based on some physiological and productivity traits associated with drought tolerance. The experiment was laid out according to factorial randomized complete block design with three replications.

Effect of Seeding Rates on The Productivity of Durum Wheat Genotypes in Three Diverse Locations

Twelve genotypes were tested for grain yield in three diverse locations seasons 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The genetic material contained 7 promising lines and five checks representing the local and improved cultivars durum wheat for Zoon (A, B) in Syria.