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Register a new userThe response of salt hardening of Maize seeds to salt stress
استجابة نباتات الذرة الصفراء مقساة البذار للإجهاد الملحي
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يهدف البحث إلى دراسة أثر كل من التقسية الملحية لبذور الذرة الصفراء (صنف غوطة 82) و أثر نوعية مياه الري في إنتاجية النباتات و محتوى أنسجتها من عناصر Cl, Na, K، فنقعت مجموعة من بذور الذرة الصفراء في مياه نهر الفرات العذبة ((EC:1.03 dS.m-1، و مجموعة أخرى في مياه صرف زراعي (EC: 5.89 dS.m-1) لمدة (12) ساعة، ثم جففت بذور المجموعتين وزرعت في قطع تجريبية مساحتها (15م2) لكل مكرر، و رويت النباتات خلال فصل النمو بأربع أنواع مختلفة من مياه الري (100% مياه فرات، 50% مياه فرات + 50% مياه صرف ، 33% مياه فرات + 67 مياه صرف، 100% مياه صرف). قدرت العناصرCl, Na, K في النبات و وزن الـ (1000) حبة و الإنتاج الصافي من الحبوب لكل مكرر و كل معاملة بالكغ.هـ.-1. أظهرت النتائج أنه يمكن الوصول إلى إنتاج حوالي (3) طن من الحبوب للهكتار، باستعمال مياه صرف زراعي فقط في الري الذي يمكن اعتباره مقبولاً في ظروف المناطق الجافة. كما إن التقسية الملحية للبذور ساهمت في زيادة الإنتاج الصافي من الحبوب بنسبة (32.80%)، و هذه النسبة تعدُّ مرضية تحت ظروف منطقة التجربة.
In order to study the effect of prime treatment (salt hardening) on maize seeds (variety Ghouta 82) and type of irrigation water on the plant response to salt stress through the effect on the productivity and the plant tissue contents Cl, Na and K. Maize seeds were soaked in Euphrates fresh water (EC:1.03 dS.m-1), or in agricultural drainage water (EC: 5.89 dS.m-1) for (12) hours, the seeds therefore were dried and planted in plots of (15 m2) for each replicate and then irrigated with four different types of water; (100 % Euphrates water, 50% Euph. water + 50% agri. drain. water, 33 % Euph. water + 67 % agri. drain. water, and 100% agri. drain. water) during the growing season. K, Na, and Cl in plants were determinated, 1000 grains weight, and grain yield production were estimated in kg.h-1 for each replicate and treatment. The results showed that, it is possible to have 3 tons of grain / hectare by irrigation with agricultural drainage water, which is acceptable, under semi-arid conditions. Salt hardening of maize seeds increased seed yield by (32.80%), which is considered satisfactory under the experimental conditions.
References used
Amjad Javid, M; G, Yasin, Nabi, and A, Rauf. : Evaluation of germination and growth of cotton by pre-sowing treatment under salt- stressed conditions. Pakistan journal of agricultural research : Abstracts , April- june, 2002
Amzallage G.N., Lernez H.R., & Poljakoff-Mayber A: Induction increased salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L. by NaCl pretreatment. J. exp. Bot.,41: (1990),29-34
Ashraf. M. & H. Rauf.: Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea maize L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: growth and transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol. Plant. 23 ,( 2001): 407-414
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This investigation is a mimesis to what usually happens in nature, where the
plants are normally exposed to sublethal environmental stresses before their
exposure to the lethal level of stresses.
The gradual increase of environmental stress, gives
plants a suffficient time
to prepare their defensive means to withstand the lethal level of stress. In order
to develope a suitable screening technique, it was essential to determine the
induction as well as the lethal levels of stress, as important components of such
proposed tool.
This technique was applied to screen some tomato genotypes, and assess the
genetic variability among them, in order to evaluate their salinity stress
response , and selecting the highly salt tolerant types.
A pot exrpriment was conducted in a greenhouse in Tishreen University. The
experiment included three soils differ in their chemical properties: 1) heavy clay red soil
rich in iron oxides; 2) a silty loam basiltic soil; 3) a heavet clay red soil ric
h in total
calcium carbonate (34.8 %). Treatments include application of different levels of triple
super phosphate (TSP, 46 % P2O5) ranged from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, to 200 mg P/kg
soil. Pots were sowned with maize (2 plants/pot) and grown for 48 days. At harvest, plant
were hatvested before flowering by cutting shoots and extracting roots which were oven
dried and weight were recorded prior to digestion and P determination in shoot and root
tissues. Samples of rhizosphere soils from each pot replicate were taken for P fractionation
and determination.
The response of maize to P application differs at period test according to soil type.
The increase in growth was linear with increasing P level of application in theheavy red
and calcareous red soils, while was polynomial in basilitic soil. The speed of growth
increase in response to P application was influenced by native available P in the soil prior
to application. The application of P led to linear increase in resin-P and MRP fraction in
the bicarbonate extract, but not the Po fraction of the bicarbonate extract. The quantities of
fixed applied P varied according to level of P application, the ratio of P uptake by maize
plants, and chemical properties of the soil type. The proportion of applied P that was fixed
increased linerarly with increasing level of P application. It constitutes 41.7,68.5 and66%
at level of P application (20 mg/kg soil), and decreasing to30.2, 41.9 and 59.1% at level of
P application (200 mg/kg soil) for red, basiltic, and calcerous red soils, respectively.
Despite being one of the reasons of production decline, salinity is still a tool
to improve production quality in some hybrids. this research was conducted at
the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus during 2012 season. A salt
stress was
applied on two tomato hybrids, Bonaparte and Marmara by
increasing the value of the electrical conductivity of irrigating water from 4 to
13 ds / m, at the stage of the third true leaf to the end of growth of the two
tomato plants.
Results indicated that salt stress led to a reduction in the fruit weight of
both hybrids but it helped in improving some chemical and physical
characteristics relating to fruit quality, such as increasing the fruit content of
soluble solids in both hybrids. Salt stress did not affect the lycopene content of
fruits in Bonapart, but it was increased by 2 folds inMarmara. Some fruit color
indices (a* and b*) were greater in Bonaparte while L* indice was higher in
Marmara. However, the color indices of fruits were not affected by salinity in
both hybrids studied.
This study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus
University, and ACSAD during the year 2001 – 2002 in order to assess the
genetic variability of twenty wheat genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance by
using PEG-6000 as a water str
ess induced tool. This trial aimed to develop
a semi-natural rapid and effective screening technique in which the optimum
induction as well as lethal levels of osmotic stress are well defined .
The results revealed that the treatments –0.4 MPa and –1.5 MPa were the
optimum induction and lethal levels of osmotic stress, respectively.
In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride
(NaCl) (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) on some physiological characteristics and some
growth indicators of SO4 grape rootstock propagated in vitro was studied at the
laboratories of Gen
eral Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research
(GCSAR), Damascus/Syria. Results indicated that the increase of NaCl
concentration up to 100 mM in culture medium led to reduce the growth
indicators (survival plants, average of the plant length and average number of
buds) with significant differences when compared with the control plants after
4 weeks from culturing on multiplication media, while treatment with 150 mM
of sodium chloride led to death of all plants. Using the concentrations 50 and
100 mM of NaCl also caused decreasing the total chlorophyll content in the
leaves.
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