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Register a new userA study of the Genetic Behaviour of Some Yield Traits in Half Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L.)
دراسة السلوكية الوراثية لبعض صفات الغلة في هجن نصف تبادلية من الذرة الصفراء ( Zea mays L. )
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
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Field Crops
and research's language is
العربية
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نفِّذ التهجين نصف التبادلي بين ست سلالات مرباة ذاتيّاً، في قسم بحوث الذرة التابع للهيئة العامّة للبحوث العلميّة الزراعيّة بدمشق، في الموسمين الزراعيين 2010- 2011، بهدف تقدير القدرة العامة و الخاصة على التوافق و كذلك قوّة الهجين لصفات: عدد الصفوف بالعرنوس (صف), و عدد الحبوب بالصف (حبة), و طول و قطر العرنوس (سم)، و وزن 100حبة (غ)، و الغلة الحبية (طن/هكتار). و خلصت النتائج إلى ما يلي: كان تباين السلالات و الهجن عالي المعنوية لكلِّ الصفات المدروسة، دلالة على التباعد الوراثي بين السلالات الأبوية. أظهرت القدرة العامة و الخاصة على التوافق تبايناً عالي المعنوية في كلّ الصفات، ما يوضح مساهمة كلٍّ من الفعل الوراثي التراكمي و اللاتراكمي في توريث هذه الصفات كافةً. بينت نسبة تباين القدرة العامة إلى تباين القدرة الخاصة σ2GCA/σ2SCA سيطرة الفعل الوراثي التراكمي على وراثة جميع الصفات المدروسة، ماعدا صفتي وزن 100حبة و الغلة الحبية اللتان سيطر عليهما الفعل الوراثي اللاتراكمي. أظهرت جميع الهجن قوّة هجين إيجابية عالية المعنوية قياساً إلى متوسط و أفضل الأبوين لجميع الصفات المدروسة. أبدت السلالات (CML.317)، (CML.371)، (CML.373)، (CML.367)، قدرة عامة موجبة و عالية المعنوية على التوافق في صفة الغلة الحبية. أظهرت سبعة هجن قدرة خاصة جيدة على التوافق في صفة الغلة الحبية كان أفضلها الهجين (CML.317×CML.371).
A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.
References used
Abd El Aty, M. S. and Y. S. Katta (2002). Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for yield and other agronomic traits in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci., Mansoura Univ., 27(8):5137-5146
Abdel Moneam, M.A.; A. N. Attia.; M. I. EL-Emery and E. A. Fayed. (2009). Combining ability and heterosis for some agronomic traits in crosses of maize. Pakistan. J. of. Bio.Sci.12(5): 433–438
Abdel Sattar, A. A; A. A. El- Hosary and m . H . Motawea. (1999). Genetic analysis of maize grain yield and its components by diallel crossing . Minufiya. J. Agri. Res. 24 (1): 43–63
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A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of sweet corn was evaluated to study heterosis and combining ability among plant height, ear height, ear diameter, number of rows per ear and ear yield per plant. The study was carried out at the a
gricultural research center in, GCSAR, Lattakia, Snoubar Jableh, during the 2010, 2011 seasons.
Result showed that almost all crosses expressed a significant positive heterosis effect for ear yield per plant relative to mid parents and better parents; whereas, the highest positive significant percentage of heterosis for ear yield per plant were expressed by the crosses (L4xL6) which gave (198.70%, 176.81%) and (L4xL6) which gave (196.94%, 168.56%), over mid parents and better parents, respectively.
The ratio (σ2GCA/σ2SCA) which was less than (1) showed that the non-additive gene action was more important than the additive gene action in all traits except plant height and ear height. The inbred lines L3 (17.061) and L4 (12.011) seemed to be the best general combiners for ear yield. Also, based on SCA effects, many of single crosses were identified as superior for ear yield, and the best hybrid was L3xL5(50.173).
The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus,
Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments
were arranged in a Randomized
Complete Blocks Design with three
replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits
like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number
of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield
per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 ×
IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean
effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive ×
dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that
the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic
variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic
gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most
studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for
the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by
additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the
major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits,
suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection
through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than
genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater
influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant
heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all
characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits.
Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits
due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic
variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of
genetic advance through selection process.
Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize
Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research
(GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and
specific
combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and
diameter (cm), and silking date (day) compared with control varieties Basel-1 and
the hybrid Spirou S-4- 985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized
Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates.
This study was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agricultural –Kharabo
as an intensive crop during 201 and 2012 growing seasons. Using the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to study
some genetic indices for grain yiel
d and its components, of 79 families of the
Sh group of maize improved by Full-sib selection. The results indicated that
the broad sense heritability ranged from high to moderate for some yield
components (number of kernels per row, number of rows per ear, ear length,
ear diameter, the weight of whole ear, whole kernel weight and grain yield and
it was 49.6, 52.9, 46.3 79.7, 56.74, 51 and 85.2%) respectively. Additive gene
action appeared to be controlling number of kernel per row, number of rows
per ear, ear length, ear diameter،,grain yiel, the weight of whole ea, kernel
weight indicating less selection cycles are required to improve yield depending
on its components.
This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the
Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate
heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel
weight, and grain yield.
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