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Register a new userSurvey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus on citrus variety in Tartous governorate Syria
حصر الإصابة بفيروس تدهور الحمضيات على أصناف حمضيات مزروعة في محافظة طرطوس سورية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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تم التقصي عن الإصابة بفيروس تدهور الحمضيات (التريستيزا) في 14 بستاناً في مناطق مختلفة في محافظة طرطوس في الساحل السوري خلال ربيع عام 2012، حيث تم خلال عمليات المسح جمع 691 عينة من أصناف مختلفة، تحمل معظمها أعراضاً شبيهة بالأعراض التي تسببها الأمراض الفيروسية (تقزم، اصفرار، موزاييك، تدهور سريع، شفافية العروق، أوراق قميّة على شكل القارب أو الملعقة)، و بعضها لا تحمل أعراض إصابة ظاهرية نظراً لاحتمال وجود إصابات كامنة. فُحصت العينات باستخدام اختبار البصمة النسيجية المناعية (TBIA) و تبين أن نسبة الإصابة بالفيروس في العينات المختبرة بلغت 34.15%، و سُجل وجود الفيروس في جميع مناطق الدراسة بنسب متفاوتة، و بلغت أعلى نسبة في العينات التي جمعت من موقع الحميدية (62.50 %)، بينما كانت أقل نسبة في مشتل تالين الزراعي (10%). و كانت أعلى نسبة إصابة في العينات التي جمعت من صنف البرتقال البلدي (%41.43)، و لم تسجل إصابات في العينات التي جمعت من صنف المندلينا.
A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different varieties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.
References used
ABD- GHAFAR, M. F; PRASAD, K. N; WENG, K. K; ISMAIL, A. Flavonoid, hesperidine, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities from Citrus species. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 9, N°. 3, 2010, 326- 330
ABOU KUBAA, R. Characterization and genomic variability of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates recovered in Apulia and Syria. PhD. Thesis, University of BARI Italy, 2010, 83PP
ABOU KUBAA, R; DJELOUAH, K; ADDANTE, R; JAMAL, M; D'ONGHIA, A. M. Occurrence, distribution, characterization of citrus tristeza virus and its vectors in Syria. Journal of plant pathology, vol. 91, N°. 2, 2009, 303- 309
ABOU KUBAA, R; DJELOUAH, K; D'ONGHIA, A. M; JAMAL, M. First Report from Syria of Citrus tristeza virus in Citrus spp. The American Phytopathological Society, N°. 10, 2008, 1468
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Effect of Citrus trestiza virus (CTV) in Growth of Balady common orange and
Satsuma trees grafted on sour orange Rootstock in Hraisoon during 2013 was studied. The
results showed that of infection by CTV caused deformation of shaped leaves, boat or
spoon-shaped leaves. The symptoms was greater in Satsuma from Balady common orange
trees. Also leaf size average of Balady common orange trees reduced from 15.58 cm2 in
healthy trees to 11.82 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 24.13, and from 19.64 cm2 in
healthy Satsuma trees to 12.38 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 36.97. and length
average of spring, summery and autumnal fresh foliages growths was reduced from 20.98
cm, 14.62 cm, 12.17cm in healthy Balady common orange trees to18.75cm, 12.52cm, 9.32
cm in infection trees respectively. Also it reduced from 18.78 cm, 14.56 cm, 10.06 cm in
healthy Satsuma trees to 13.78 cm, 9.34 cm, 6.03 cm in infection trees respectively, the
CTV had no significant effect on Trunk circumference in both varieties.
This research was conducted in laboratory of Nematology in the Center of Scientific
Agricultural Research in Lattakia, to detection of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) in
Citrus Orchards soils in Lattakia governorate.
A total of 66 composite soil
samples were collected from Citrus orchards during (2016-
2017). Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were recovered from soil samples by the
insect baiting technique, using seventh instar larvae of the Greater wax moth Galleria
mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Infective juveniles (IJs) were collected from G.
mellonella cadavers using the method of White (1927).
EPN isolates were identified based on morphometric methods. Eight isolates were
identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Ord. Rhabditida: Fam.
Heterorhabditidae) .
Positive soil samples ratio was 12.12% of total samples, where EPNs isolates were
extracted from regions (Al-Bassa, Al-Magreet, Al-Shamia, Gio, Al-Kharnoba, Al-Sorsokia,
Fideo, Borj Al-Qasab)0 The soil textures of the EPNs positive samples were (sandy loam,
silt loam, loamy sand, loamy clay sand, clay) with ( pH 6.34- :0.5) and (1.99- 4.82) g\100g
organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.33
to 0.82 ds/m.
This research carried out in the orchards of the Stamo area province of Lattakia citrus
during the years 2014-2015, and the results of the study showed that the insect black
cortical one generation per year with a second partial generation during t
he summer. Under
the insect overwintering nymph stage in the second age is the most able to withstand the
low-temperature phase in the winter. Mermaid back age-second activity in the beginning of
spring to complete their life cycle where the female young appear in early April on each of
the branches and leaves, to show adult females with the beginning of the month of May
and starts the eggs to hatch in the middle of this month and will continue until the month of
July. The study found that the nymph stage second phase age is the most common during
the season at each of the branches and leaves. Observed the death of large numbers of the
insect in the phasic nymph third age and female fledgling stage, which evolved during the
same season, as the study of the distribution and the spread of the different phases of the
insect on the plant parts showed that the branches were more injury than securities with
higher than moral in the population density of the presence of eccentric nymph and adult
stages the branches compared with the leaves.
This research aimed to analyze the economic efficiency of marketing citrus
at the level of farmers in Syria in order to determine the marketing
performance and problems facing farmers. 380 farmer stratified samples were
taken from villages in both
Latakia and Tartous provinces according to the
contribution of each province in total country production. Results showed that
the marketing options available to farmers focused on two major methods: selfmarketing
in domestic markets, and production leasing to dealers, which both
accounted for 53.9% and 44.3% of total quantities marketed of the samples,
respectively.
Orange fruits contain many materials such as oils in seeds which
have biological and nutritional values, due to that, physical and
chemical properties of orange seed oil (OSO) have been
determined, which extracted from two samples collected from two
areas (Al-ssisanyah and Al-jma'ashyah) which are different in
environmental factors.
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