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Register a new userMorphological and biological study of Saissetia oleae on citrus trees in Lattakia Governorate
دراسة مورفولوجية و بيولوجية للحشرة القشرية السوداء Saissetia oleae على الحمضيات في محافظة اللاذقية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2015
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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نُفذ هذا البحث في بساتين الحمضيات التابعة لمنطقة اسطامو بمحافظة اللاذقية خلال عامي 2014-2015. بيّنت نتائج الدراسة أن للحشرة القشرية السوداء جيلاً واحداً في السنة مع وجود جيل ثاني جزئي خلال فصل الصيف. تقضي الحشرة البيات الشتوي بطور الحورية في العمر الثاني و هو الطور الأكثر قدرة على تحمل الحرارة المنخفضة في فصل الشتاء. تعود الحورية بالعمر الثاني للنشاط في بداية فصل الربيع لتكمل دورة حياتها حيث تظهر الاناث الفتية في وقت مبكر من شهر نيسان على كل من الأفرع و الأوراق، لتظهر الإناث البالغة مع بداية شهر أيار و يبدأ فقس البيض في منتصف هذا الشهر و يستمر حتى شهر تموز. تبيّن من الدراسة أن طور الحورية بالعمر الثاني هو الطور الأكثر تواجداً خلال الموسم على كل من الأفرع و الأوراق. لوحظ موت أعداد كبيرة من الحشرة في طوري الحورية بالعمر الثالث و طور الأنثى الفتية و التي تطورت خلال الموسم نفسه، كما أظهرت دراسة توزع و انتشار الأطوار المختلفة للحشرة على الأجزاء النباتية أن الأفرع كانت أكثر إصابة من الأوراق مع تفوق معنوي في الكثافة العددية لتواجد طور الحورية و الطور البالغ على الأفرع مقارنة مع الأوراق.
This research carried out in the orchards of the Stamo area province of Lattakia citrus during the years 2014-2015, and the results of the study showed that the insect black cortical one generation per year with a second partial generation during the summer. Under the insect overwintering nymph stage in the second age is the most able to withstand the low-temperature phase in the winter. Mermaid back age-second activity in the beginning of spring to complete their life cycle where the female young appear in early April on each of the branches and leaves, to show adult females with the beginning of the month of May and starts the eggs to hatch in the middle of this month and will continue until the month of July. The study found that the nymph stage second phase age is the most common during the season at each of the branches and leaves. Observed the death of large numbers of the insect in the phasic nymph third age and female fledgling stage, which evolved during the same season, as the study of the distribution and the spread of the different phases of the insect on the plant parts showed that the branches were more injury than securities with higher than moral in the population density of the presence of eccentric nymph and adult stages the branches compared with the leaves.
References used
ANNECKE, D.P. AND M.J. MYNHARDT. The species of the insidiosus group of Metaphycus Mercet in South Africa with notes on some extralimital species (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines. 1972. 85: 227- 74
ARGYRIOU, L. Studies on the morphology and biology of the black scale (Saissetia oleae (Bernard)) in Greece. Annales de l’Institut Phytopathologique Benaki n.s. 1963. 5:353-377
BA HAMED, M.T. AND M. CHEMSEDDINE. Selective toxicity of some pesticides to Pullus mediterraneas Fabr. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of Saissetia oleae Bern. (Homoptera: Coccoideae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology 2002. 4 (3): 173-178
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The research was conducted during the period between May 2014 and May 2015. The field work was carried out in the Astamo area of Lattakia within an orchard planted with citrus and olives in the form of single and adjacent sectors for each
This research was conducted in laboratory of Nematology in the Center of Scientific
Agricultural Research in Lattakia, to detection of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) in
Citrus Orchards soils in Lattakia governorate.
A total of 66 composite soil
samples were collected from Citrus orchards during (2016-
2017). Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were recovered from soil samples by the
insect baiting technique, using seventh instar larvae of the Greater wax moth Galleria
mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Infective juveniles (IJs) were collected from G.
mellonella cadavers using the method of White (1927).
EPN isolates were identified based on morphometric methods. Eight isolates were
identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Ord. Rhabditida: Fam.
Heterorhabditidae) .
Positive soil samples ratio was 12.12% of total samples, where EPNs isolates were
extracted from regions (Al-Bassa, Al-Magreet, Al-Shamia, Gio, Al-Kharnoba, Al-Sorsokia,
Fideo, Borj Al-Qasab)0 The soil textures of the EPNs positive samples were (sandy loam,
silt loam, loamy sand, loamy clay sand, clay) with ( pH 6.34- :0.5) and (1.99- 4.82) g\100g
organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.33
to 0.82 ds/m.
A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different vari
eties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.
This research aims to achieve production costs for all agriculture crop eggplant
operations account, and analysis, and the calculation of economic returns, has been
conducting the study based on 2015 prices, compared with 2010 prices, where prices
and
costs adoption and wages as their spending, any time of land preparation and preparation
for planting down to production and marketing.
And it found the results to be eggplant crop has good economic rents and achieves
the following:
1. GDP (SP / acre / year) SP = 675000.
2. The total production costs (SP / acre / year) = 594 042 SP.
3. Net farm income per acre (SP / acre / year) = 641 368 LS.
4. Profit from dunum (SP / acre / year) = 81000 SP.
5. Turnover changing assets = 1.53 SP and the changing asset turnover = 240 time
SP.
6. profitability coefficient:
A coefficient of profitability compared to the production costs = 18.50%.
B. earnings multiple relative to invested capital = 13.65%.
Verticillium wilt is one of the most serious disease that affect olive trees, and it is
spread all over the world where the olive trees grown. It is caused by the soil – borne
fungiVerticilliumdahliaekleb. Whichhas a wide host range, and forms amic
roseclerotia that
survive for long time in the soil.and it is difficult to manage.
In this studya survey was carried out in order to determine the incidence and severity
of infection on olive trees in Lattakiaduring2015.
The results showed that the highest percentage of infection and severity were on the
Kaissicultivar in ALqurdaha (10.68% , 4.05%) respectively , and the lowest percentage of
infection and severity were on the Safrawicultivar in ALqurdaha (3.92% , 0.97%)
respectively.
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