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Register a new userEffect Citrus trestiza virus infection in Growth of Balady common orange and Satsuma trees grafted on sour orange
تأثير الإصابة بفيروس تدهور الحمضيات (التريستيزا) في نمو أشجار البرتقال البلدي و الساتزوما المطعمة على أصل الزفير
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دُرِس تأثير فيروس تدهور الحمضيات (التريستيزا) في نمو أشجار البرتقال البلدي و الساتزوما المطعمة على أصل الزفير في حريصون عام 2013، و وُجِد أن الإصابة بالفيروس سببت تشوه الأوراق الحديثة، و ظهور أوراق قميّة على شكل القارب أو الملعقة، و قد كانت هذه الأعراض أكثر وضوحاً في الساتزوما منه في البرتقال البلدي. كما انخفض متوسط مساحة نصل الورقة من 15.58سم2 في أشجار البرتقال البلدي السليمة إلى 11.82 سم2 في الأشجار المصابة أي بنسبة 24.13%. و من 19.64 سم2 في أشجار الساتزوما السليمة إلى 12.38 سم2 في الأشجار المصابة أي بنسبة 36.97%. و بينت النتائج انخفاض متوسط طول النموات الخضرية الحديثة الربيعية و الصيفية و الخريفية من 20.98 سم، 14.62 سم، 12.17 سم في أشجار البرتقال البلدي السليمة إلى 18.75 سم، 12.52سم، 9.32 سم في الأشجار المصابة على التوالي. و من 18.78 سم، 14.56 سم، 10.06 سم في أشجار الساتزوما السليمة إلى 13.78 سم، 9.34 سم، 6.03 سم في الأشجار المصابة على التوالي. بينما لم يكن للفيروس تأثيراً معنوياً في مقدار الزيادة في محيط الساق في كلا الصنفين.
Effect of Citrus trestiza virus (CTV) in Growth of Balady common orange and Satsuma trees grafted on sour orange Rootstock in Hraisoon during 2013 was studied. The results showed that of infection by CTV caused deformation of shaped leaves, boat or spoon-shaped leaves. The symptoms was greater in Satsuma from Balady common orange trees. Also leaf size average of Balady common orange trees reduced from 15.58 cm2 in healthy trees to 11.82 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 24.13, and from 19.64 cm2 in healthy Satsuma trees to 12.38 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 36.97. and length average of spring, summery and autumnal fresh foliages growths was reduced from 20.98 cm, 14.62 cm, 12.17cm in healthy Balady common orange trees to18.75cm, 12.52cm, 9.32 cm in infection trees respectively. Also it reduced from 18.78 cm, 14.56 cm, 10.06 cm in healthy Satsuma trees to 13.78 cm, 9.34 cm, 6.03 cm in infection trees respectively, the CTV had no significant effect on Trunk circumference in both varieties.
References used
ABBAS, M.; KHAN, M.M.; FATIMA, B.; IFTIKHAR, Y.; MUGHAL, S.M.; JASKANI, M.J.; KHAN, I.A. Elimination of Citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) and production of certified citrus plants through shoot-tip micrografting. PAK. J. BOT, Vol. 40, N.° 3, 2008, 1301-1312
ABOU KUBAA, R.; DJELOUAH, K.; ADDANTE, R.; JAMAL, M.; D'ONGHIA, A. M. Occurrence, distribution, characterization of Citrus tristeza virus and its vectors in Syria. Journal of plant pathology, vol. 91, N°. 2, 2009, 303- 309
ABOU KUBAA, R.; DJELOUAH, K.; D'ONGHIA, A. M.; JAMAL, M. First Report from Syria of Citrus tristeza virus in Citrus spp. The American Phytopathological Society, N°. 10, 2008, 1468
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A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different vari
eties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.
The study was conducted in 2011 on 6-years-old citrus trees "Washington navel
141". It contained four treatments with three replicates for each treatment. The results
showed that:
The wastewater treatments showed superiority on the control in the
number of
vegetative growth and its length.
The number of inflorescence buds, was increased in the second treatment (irrigation
with 50% treated wastewater +50% normal water) (5. 37) which dominated the other
treatments.
The weight of fruit was affected by treated wastewater irrigation. Second treatment
(irrigation with 50%treated wastewater+50 % normal water) was better than the control
treatment. It was increased by (308. 3 g) compared to (259. 5 g) for the control treatment.
Fruit yield production per tree, was increased by second treatment (irrigation with
50% treated wastewater+50 % normal water) (28. 9kg) compared to (15. 3kg) for the
control.
Treated wastewater irrigation had positive effects in the quality of fruit
(Total sugar %), (T. S. S %) and the coefficient of maturity were increased in second and
third treatment compared to other treatments, while (T. A %) was decreased in all
wastewater treatments.
Some factors which affect in vitro propagation of sour orange (Citrus
aurantium. L.) were studied on Murashige and Skoog medium. Medium
containing ١,٠ mg/L ٦-Benzylaminopurine (BA) was satisfactory for shoot
multiplication, Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (٢،٤-D) was not effective for shoot
proliferation and it enhanced callus formation.
The research was carried out during the years 2010 and 2011. The results showed the
following:
The soil's care operations are carried out in the modern and middle old orange
fields and aren't carried out in the old fields ( more than 30 years).
The operations are
embodied in the cultivating operation (facial plowing). The plows are used only in the
modern fields to prepare the seed bed for planting some plants (agronomists) between the
trees classes.
The used plows were effected differently on the orange trees according to plowing
depth and machine sorts. By using the disk harrows with (8) cm depth appeared some roots
on the soil's surface. The trees roots were uprooted and cut up by using the chisel plow
with (20) cm depth and by using the mould board plough with (30) cm depth, but the effect
was so clear by using the mould board plough, that the most of the roots were hurt.
This study is aimed at studying the effect of using four species of
bacteria Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Azotobacter
chroococcum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacillus megaterium and
Frateuriaaurantia on the growth, yield and reducing
the effect of
Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) on pepper plants in a greenhouse
experiment. The observed growth parameters were: plant height, foliage
fresh weight, root fresh weight, fruit weight in a green house expirment
in Tartous in the season 2016/2017.
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