Survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus on citrus variety in Tartous governorate Syria

A survey of infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was conducted during a visit to 14 citrus orchards in different regions in Tartous governorate in the Syrian Coast during the spring of 2012. We collected a total of /691/ samples of different varieties. Most of the samples were collected from plants with symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases (dwarfing, yellowing, mosaic, quick- decline, vein clearing, boat or spoon-shaped leaves), while other samples did not carry such symptoms due to the possible presence of latent infections. The samples were tested by using Tissue Blot immunoassay (TBIA). The Results showed that the rate of infection by CTV was 34.15% in the tested samples and the distribution of CTV in citrus orchards was by various ratios. The highest percentage of infection was detected in AL- Hamidiah (62.50%), whereas the lowest infection percentage detected was in Talin nursery (10%). Common orange Balady was the most infected by Citrus tristeza virus (41.43%). No virus infection was recorded in Mandalina samples.

Study of the success grafting of pear varieties Cocia and Williams and Quince variety Saidawi on the Syrian rootstock Pyrus syriaca Boiss. And development of produced seedlings

This research was conducted in seedling area belonging to Tishreen University and in the Coast seedling belonging to Agricultural Directorate in Lattakia. Results has shown that, the pear variety Cocia grafted on pear Syrian rootstock was significantly better than pear variety Williams and Quince variety Saidawi grafted on the same rootstock, where the percentage of grafting were 100%, 90% and 66.67% consequently, and in the next year 93.33%, 76.67% and 54.00% consequently. Results has shown a good agreement between a variety Cocia and a used rootstock in comparison with the tow other varieties. The results of analytical calculation has shown that, the variety Cocia was better than the tow other varieties Williams and Saidawi in graft-height, also, Williams variety was better than Saidawi variety, and this confirm that, the Cocia variety in medium growth when it grafted on pear Syrian rootstock, whereas, Williams variety was in poor growth and Saidawi variety was very poor in growth when they were grafted on the same rootstalk especially in the first years of grafting.

Effect Citrus trestiza virus infection in Growth of Balady common orange and Satsuma trees grafted on sour orange

Effect of Citrus trestiza virus (CTV) in Growth of Balady common orange and Satsuma trees grafted on sour orange Rootstock in Hraisoon during 2013 was studied. The results showed that of infection by CTV caused deformation of shaped leaves, boat or spoon-shaped leaves. The symptoms was greater in Satsuma from Balady common orange trees. Also leaf size average of Balady common orange trees reduced from 15.58 cm2 in healthy trees to 11.82 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 24.13, and from 19.64 cm2 in healthy Satsuma trees to 12.38 cm2 in infection trees as percentage 36.97. and length average of spring, summery and autumnal fresh foliages growths was reduced from 20.98 cm, 14.62 cm, 12.17cm in healthy Balady common orange trees to18.75cm, 12.52cm, 9.32 cm in infection trees respectively. Also it reduced from 18.78 cm, 14.56 cm, 10.06 cm in healthy Satsuma trees to 13.78 cm, 9.34 cm, 6.03 cm in infection trees respectively, the CTV had no significant effect on Trunk circumference in both varieties.

Fertility Study of winter eyes biological and economic for two local varieties "Shami Abiad and Tuffahi" training on Arbor

This research was conducted in Alkallouf village in Lattakia Province on grapevine trees belonging to local varieties Shami Abiad (Local) and Tuffahi in Vitis vinifera L. species grown on 10 years Arbor training grafted on B41 rootstock and planted in 3x3m during 2013 and 2014. And results were as follows:  The best fertility of winter eyes in Tuffahi Local variety were between 0.11 and 1.37 as an average. The tenth eye on a stock has achieved the highest economical fertility (1141.25 g) as a main for 2013 and 2014, and was significantly better than other winter eyes.  The best fertility of winter eyes in Tuffahi Local variety was tenth eye which achieved (1.24) during 2013 and 2014, were fertility was less on first eye (0.33). An eye number ten was significantly better than other winter eyes except an eye number nine which achieved (1.13) fertility.  An eye number ten has achieved the best economical fertility (the main weight of cluster 2137.75 g in two years study) followed by an eye number nine (1338.05 g). An eye number ten was significantly better than other studied winter eyes.

Effect of some chemical treatments on fruit quality of Washington navel orange trees and fruit’s ability to storage

This research was conducted during 2010-2011 growing seasons on 15 years old trees of “Washington Navel” variety grafted on Citrus aurantium (sour orange) stock and planted in the village of “Al-hinnady” in Lattakia. To determine the appropriate preharvest and post-harvest treatments to get the most production and better quality of fruits.

Effect of salinity on growth and development of Syrian pears (Pyrus syriaca Boiss) and Leaves content of chlorophyll and Proline

This research aims at studying the effect of irrigation with different levels of NaCl on the growth and development of Syrian pears (Pyrus syriaca). The results showed that: 1. Salt stress reduced chlorophyll content (a,b and a+b) in salt treatments compared to the control , which contained 67.48 mg/g (a), 111.62 mg/g (b) and 204.76 mg/g (a+b), while 1750 ppm of NaCl treatment contained 49.34 mg/g (a), 49.86 mg/g (b) and 158.77 mg/g (a+b) respectively. Treatment with 500 ppm of NaCl increased significantly chlorophyll content compared to other salt treatments. 2. Leaves content of proline increased with increasing NaCl levels. It reached 870.8 ng/g when irrigation water contained 1250 ppm of NaCl, while it decreased in other salt treatments. Leaves dry matter increased with the increase salt levels (24.50% for the control, and 44.86% for 1750 ppm of NaCl).

Morphological Diversity For Two Mulberry Species (Morus Alba L.) And (Morus Nigra L.) In Some Locations In Tartous

This research was conducted during the period of 2014 - 2015 in six locations ranging from a height of between (0-500 m) in Syria, Tartous Governate in order to survey and evaluate some mulberry types belong to (Morus alba and Morus nigra). 33 types (22 of white mulberry and 11 of black mulberry) were determined for the purpose of morphological and phenological characterization and for the determination of the degree of morphological relationship between those types in addition to setting their own taxonomic keys. Morphological analysis was done based on 14 morphology characteristics (leaves, catkins, fruits) in addition to a cluster analysis for all types belongs to white and black species and for each species alone. The morphological tree for all types showed two main groups with a contrast ratio of (48%), the first group included three types belong to black mulberry, and the second group included 30 types belong to both species with a contrast ratio of (0-38%), while the morphological tree for the black species types showed a contrast ratio of (47%) and (33%) for the white specie types. The degree of morphological similarity is variable between the studied types regardless of fruits color, and the percentage of contrast among the black mulberry types is higher than white mulberry types.

The Effect of IBA (Indol-3-Butyric Acid) Dose Applications on Rooting of Hardwood and Softwood Top Cuttings of White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) and Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.)

This study was conducted at glasshouse of Citrus and Tropical Research Department in Tartus governorate, and Olive Nursery in Latakia governorate, during 2015 to determine the influence of Indol-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) doses on hardwood and softwood top cuttings of three types of M. alba L. (B-1, B-5, KH-8) and three types of M. nigra L. (M-4, KH-9, KH-1) and one fruitless type (B-3), which spreads in different locations in Tartus, Syria. Hardwood cuttings were prepared during February from one-year-old shoots, and the softwood top cuttings were prepared during August in 2015. The cuttings were treated with different doses of IBA (1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm) in addition to the control application 0 ppm. The cuttings were planted in the glasshouses in order to root.

Morphological characterization of some grape types in the Sheikh Badr region of Tartous governorate

The study was conducted in four sites belonging to the Sheikh Badr district in Tartous province. Ten different types were identified according to international standards. During the 2016 and 2017 growth seasons, readings were recorded for phenotypic parameters as well as physical and chemical analysis of fruit clusters. The studied types differed in many characteristics. The results of the cluster analysis showed the distribution of the studied types in two groups with a variance of 93%. The mean weight of the cluster varied between the medium (349 g) and the large (1140.45 g). The ratio of total dissolved solids (TSS) between the low (12.75%) and high (18.82%). the acidity between the very low (3.53 g/l) and medium (6.38 g/l).

Effect of Foliar spraying with some micronutrients ( Zn, Fe, B) on the physical and chemical properties of the Lemon Fruits ( Citrus meyeri )

The experiment was conducted during the two seasons (2015 , 2016 ) on the Lemon trees cv (Meyer ) aiming at studying the effect of the foliar spraying with the nutrients ( boron , zinc and iron ) on physical and chemical properties of the fruits These nutrients were sprayed separately or as a mixture . The average of each of the physical properties of the fruit (length , width , firmness, volume and weight of the fruit ) , in addition to rind thickness and the fruits ` juice volume, ,the chemical properties of the fruit juice (total soluble solids, total sugars, total acidity, vitamin C) were studied. An increase was observed in all the studied parameters in the sprayed treatments compared to the control from( 6.37%- 3.33% -0.37% - 34.57mg%)to(9.33% -4.88% -1.89% -43.5%) in the first season and( 9.75% 5.87- 3.32% - 45%) in the second season, respectively. As a result of the statistical analysis, there were significant differences between all the studied treatments and the control with overpass of the treatment of the three elements (iron chelate + boron oxide + zinc chelate ) of all treatments in the most of the studied figures in both seasons. Statistical analysis of the fruit rind thickness showed the absence of the significant differences among the studied treatments.