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Register a new userActivating public participation as an essential tool for preparing more sustainable Master Plans Case study: Lattakia-Syria
تفعيل المشاركة الشعبية كأداة أساسية لإعداد مخططات تنظيمية أكثر استدامة دراسة حالة مدينة اللاذقية في سورية
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تعد المشاركة الشعبية إحدى أهم أدوات التنمية الحضرية المستدامة لإعداد مخططات تنظيمية أكثر ملاءمة، لكنّها تشكّل في الوقت ذاته تحدياً للمعنيين من حيث إيجاد الآلية و النموذج الملائم لتفعيلها وفق خصائص و متطلبات المدن و حاجات ساكنيها. لذلك انطلق البحث من تأسيس قاعدة نظرية خاصة بعملية المشاركة المجتمعية بهدف التّعرف على مفهومها و أشكالها و دورها في تنمية المدن و تحديد عوائقها في إعداد خطط التنمية الحضرية، ليعتمد بعد ذلك على دراسة تجارب الدول المختلفة عالمياً و محلياً حول مسألة تفعيل المشاركة كأداة مرجعية لإعداد المخططات التنظيمية لمدنها و تقييمها للاستفادة منها بما يتلاءم مع واقع مدينة اللاذقية، ثم القيام بالدراسة التحليلية لواقع المشاركة في المدينة من خلال الاستعانة بالاستبيان لمعرفة أهمية المشاركة لدى السكان و مدى مشاركتهم في إعداد المخطط التنظيمي للمدينة, و استجابتهم لها في وضع خطط مدينتهم و تحديد الآلية المفضلة لديهم، ليخلص البحث إلى اقتراح النموذج التشاركي المناسب للظروف المحلية لمدينة اللاذقية لتكون المشاركة الشعبية أكثر فاعلية و تتم وفق آلية عمل تكون على اتصال مباشر مع السكان و تعكس آرائهم و تطلعاتهم.
The public participation is one of the most important tools for sustainable urban development to prepare more appropriate master plans, but at the same time it forms a challenge to those concerned in terms of finding an appropriate mechanism and model to be activated according to the characteristics and requirements of the cities and the needs of their residents. The research began from establish the theoretical base of the community participation process to know the concept of it forms impediments in the preparation of urban development plans and to depend after that on study the experiences of different countries globally and locally about active the participation as a reference tool for the preparation of master plans for it's cities and evaluated them to utilize in line with the reality of Lattakia, then do the analytical study of the reality of participation in the city, through the use of the questionnaire to determine it's importance to population and and the extent of their participation in the preparation of master plans of the city and acceptability of it to preparation the plans for their city and determine their favorite mechanism, to research concludes to Suggestion the appropriate Participatory model to the local conditions of lattakia city to be public participation more effective with a mechanism of action in direct contact with the population and reflects their views and aspirations.
References used
AlSHUWAIKHAT،H .Developing Spatial Urban Planning Guidance for Achieving Sustainable Urban Development. GBER Vol. 5 No. 3 ،King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals، 2006 ،51-66p
Brett Johnson, Dobeen Kim, Hyelim Kim, Andrew LeMarbe, Kelly Redburn and Jared Sherwood .Elements of a Master Plan. Michigan State University Practicum، 2011 ، P30
BICKEL.P .Sustainable Mobility, policy Measures and Assessment (SUMMA)- Setting the Context for Defining Sustainable Transport and Mobility. Final version 2.0، European Commission – Directorate General for Energy and Transport، 2003
Carranza Torres ،J .understsnding citizens needs can e-consultation meet citizen,s satisfaction in urban development plans? Case study: providencia,chile. international institute for Geo- information Science and earth observation,Enschede، The Netherlands، 2007،75p
Ellie Perkins،P .Public participation in watershed management: International practices for inclusiveness. Faculty of Environmental Studies، York University، Toronto, Canada ،2011 ، 204-212p
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The Master Plans are one of the main tools for sustainable urban development to
counter the effects of growing urbanization in the cities. But, at the same time, the process
of its preparing is the challenge to those concerned, especially in the ab
sence of standards
that embody the principles of urban sustainable. So, research started from the issue of
developing contemporary standards for preparing a sustainable master plan that achieves
the terms of Sustainability, and it adopted a reference study about the terminology and
theoretical concepts related to sustainable urban development, principles and sustainable
master plan and its objectives and areas of work. It adopted the International Planning
Standards adopted by various countries and international organizations specialized in
preparing Master Plans that contribute in creating more sustainable cities.
In the case of Latakia, it was found that the Master Plan, which was prepared in 2008
according to the Proposed Schematic Program for land uses, achieves only (51%) of the
conditions of sustainability; this figure does not meet the needs of Lattakia in the short
term and long term; it is also clear that the administrative side of the planning operation is
the main reasons that led to the unsuccessful master plan; in other words, the work,
according to the traditional planning standards and the limited laws and legislations, is not
enough, but must be accompanied by action planning and contemporary administrative
standards based on urban sustainability.
The popular participation is one of the main pillars of the local development process,
as it allows the opportunity for various community groups to contribute to the preparation,
management and implementation of development plans in line with their
needs and
aspirations, and it has a positive role in making success of development projects in a
sustainable manner, so as to ensure the achievement of the comprehensive national
development objectives. A real and effective participation requires adoption of sustainable
enablement principle to build the public capacity, and to devote the human potential and
efforts of local communities.
In this context, the research presents a study of the concept of popular participation
and its importance in local development, and it identifies the methods and levels of
participation in the development process, its conditions, requirements and principles, as
classifies levels and forms of popular participation during the phases of local development;
in addition to presenting challenges of the participation in the local development processes.
The research deals with an analysis of one of global experiences that applies sustainable
enablement principle, to enhance the contribution of the community in achieving
sustainable development of the local urban environment, in order to conclude the most
important phases and criteria for sustainable enablement.
The research concludes to a number of conclusions and recommendations aspires to
promote the important role of public participation in local development, by creating
mechanisms which could be used to activate participation at the level of
local administrative units, and exploring the practical application way for enabling
communities in all stages of the local development process, in order to provide different
domains for popular participation in most important development issues.
The laws and regulations of urban basic tools affecting the achievement and sustainability of development
objectives, master plans; what imposes controls and standards, regulating urban resource product
material, amount beauty, and determine the le
vel of urbanization urban communities;, which has become
today suffer from multiple problems, it is clear from palaces legislation in adjust the urban growth, and
meet the requirements of sustainability.
Hence the importance of addressing legislation Urban, through trends posed by master plans updated, a
process necessary to create the space Urban in a new window, through the control and processing
components material in the context of environmental appropriately; which drew Study legislation Urban
current stand on the nature of the practice and application in the city of Damascus, through a
comprehensive review of the implementation of Master Plan ratified in 1968, and the trends that put
Master Plan updated in 2012, following the so methodologies multiple, to take advantage of them to know
dilemmas and evaluation, and identify trends legislative that can be adopted as suggestions for the
development of legislation Urban within standards modern international, take factors: social, cultural,
environmental, functional, and aesthetic consideration, at the level of legislation itself or at the group level
Bastdrack shortcomings, then propose integrated legislation unified comprehensive urban development
and urban renewal, increases the speed of development, access to material gains greater and a more
equitable distribution and achieve sustainable communities and cities.
This paper bridges the gap between housing schemes and studies in
sociology. Such reformation leads to physical environments
responding to patterns of behavior rather than changing them. That is,
frustrate people less in achieving patterns of beha
vior necessary, for
the functioning of the groups.
The research aims to identify the role of organizational culture in the activation of
participation in decision-making in the General Company for the port of Latakia process.
Adopted Find descriptive approach and included the research community all
the
administrative staff at the General Company for the port of Latakia, the research sample
are soft sample of administrative staff totaled (200) administrative workers were
distributed the questionnaire to them and returned them (182) questionnaire is complete
and ready for statistical analysis, and response rate (91%). And the adoption of appropriate
statistical methods was the most important results that have been reached:
*The harmony between workers and their confidence Bmadraihm and dedication to
work, in addition to the keenness of directors authorized subordinates and develop their
abilities and their morale and encourage them to contribute to collective action to activate
the decision making process in the company under study.
*Encouraging managers to employees urging them to innovate and actually growth,
innovation and vision possessing a deep understanding of the creation of new jobs and take
advantage of the challenges to increase learning and growth contributes to the activation of
the company's decision-making process under study.
*The status of directors of the objectives are clear, organized and completed
efficiently and their quest for stability and job security contributes to the activation of the
decision making process in the company under study.
*The confirmation of managers to work efficiently in the completion of tasks, and
their interest in achieving a good performance at work, and the utilization of available
resources and the preservation of achieving a privileged position in performance and
attention to workers and increase their efficiency and follow up their achievements
contribute to activating the decision-making process in the company under study.
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