The laws and regulations of urban basic tools affecting the achievement and sustainability of development
objectives, master plans; what imposes controls and standards, regulating urban resource product
material, amount beauty, and determine the le
vel of urbanization urban communities;, which has become
today suffer from multiple problems, it is clear from palaces legislation in adjust the urban growth, and
meet the requirements of sustainability.
Hence the importance of addressing legislation Urban, through trends posed by master plans updated, a
process necessary to create the space Urban in a new window, through the control and processing
components material in the context of environmental appropriately; which drew Study legislation Urban
current stand on the nature of the practice and application in the city of Damascus, through a
comprehensive review of the implementation of Master Plan ratified in 1968, and the trends that put
Master Plan updated in 2012, following the so methodologies multiple, to take advantage of them to know
dilemmas and evaluation, and identify trends legislative that can be adopted as suggestions for the
development of legislation Urban within standards modern international, take factors: social, cultural,
environmental, functional, and aesthetic consideration, at the level of legislation itself or at the group level
Bastdrack shortcomings, then propose integrated legislation unified comprehensive urban development
and urban renewal, increases the speed of development, access to material gains greater and a more
equitable distribution and achieve sustainable communities and cities.
Transport and tourism sectors are part of the financial and service
production pillars. Their target is to increase the economic competence
and achieve the human development through condensed investment of the
economic and civilized potentials, and the best employment national
labor.
تذخر مدينة دمشق و ريفها بالمعالم الدينية و لاسيما اًلمقامات التي تعود لأهل
البيت و بعض الصحابة. يعمق البحث المعرفة التاريخية و الدينية بأهم هذه المقامات ،
و يبين توزعها الجغرافي و دورها في السياحة الدينية في سورية.
يتناول هذا البحث عرضًا مبسطًا لمخاطر تلوث الهواء، الناجم عن عوادم
السيارات و وسائط النقل الأخرى، التي يزداد عددها و من ثم فاعليتها، إلى جانب
دراسة الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى زيادة نسب التلوث، ضمن مدينة دمشق و التجمعات
السكنية الأخرى، و السبل الكفيلة بت
خفيف هذا التلوث الذي بات يشكل خطرًا داهمًا،
يتفاقم يومًا بعد يوم، جراء ارتفاع حجم الاستخدام لمختلف وسائط النقل، و هذا ما
يتطلب رفع كفاءة الاستخدام من وجهة نظر المحافظة على البيئة. التي هي محط
اهتمام البحوث العلمية في شتى أنحاء العالم.
هناك محاولة في هذه الدراسة لمعرفة مدى تأثير القيم و المبادئ الاجتماعية المتوارثة فـي
عناصر التصميم في العمارة السكنية لمدينة دمشق من خلال اختيار نماذج مختلفة لمسـاكن
تطورت في فترات متعاقبة، من التقليدية إلى المعاصرة، فقد تم رصـد عناصـر التصـميم
ال
معماري و رصد التغييرات و التعديلات التي تمت عليها. الحسينية دراسة افتقرت إلى الحـد
الأدنى من الوعي لمفهوم الخصوصية و الثقافة الاجتماعية السائدة في المجتمع مما أدى إلى
تعديلات مرهقة مادياً، و إلى هدر كبير لمواد البناء نتيجة الهدم و إعـادة البنـاء مـن قبـل
المستخدمين، و ظهرت مشكلة التضارب بينهم و بين أفكار المعماري، و ذلـك بهـدف إعـادة
تحقيق التوازن بين البيئة المبنية و ثقافة الناس و تقاليدهم و ذلك ما انعكـس بشـكل مـادي
واضح.
A child friendly city is a city, or any local system of governance, committed to
fulfilling children‘s rights. It is a city where the voices, needs, priorities and rights of
children are an integral part of public policies, programs and decisions.
As a result, it is a
city that is fit for all. Today, Damascus city rate poorly in terms of the child friendly status.
Due to modern planning and zoning practices, planning for the car and uncontrolled
growth, children of Damascus are growing up unhealthy, obese and depressed. This
research reviews the studies done on the built environment that is convenient for the
child‘s physical, mental and social health and safety. For the purpose of this research, 64
children (28 girls and 36 boys) aged between 10-14 years, along with their parents were
interviewed and asked to describe their perception and experience of the built environment
of the New City of Damascus to meet their needs. Then, the research analyses and
evaluates the Traditional Damascus Built Environment in order to consider key planning
and designing factors that could be learnt through looking at the way the Traditional Built
Environment providing for children‘s needs, and using this as the blueprint for designing
child friendly neighborhoods of new and damaged neighborhood of Damascus City.
This study has dealt with the primary cause for tooth extraction on 2760
permanent teeth, extracting third molars , in patients with an age ranging from
10 to 90 years excluding and an average age of 40.2 years. The first cause in
caries(67.7%) pe
riodontal reasons come second (25.9%), and all the other causes
account for 6.4%. A special pattern of relationship between caries and
periodontal diseases as factors causing tooth extraction has become evident, with
the latter being the main reason for tooth extraction in middle age (45-54years)
ata rate of 49.8% versus 46% for carries-related extractions. Caries, however, is
the chief cause for tooth extraction at ages under 45 and over 54 years (81.9% ,
53.1%); this is also true of the age group 10-19 years (75%), while extractions for
orthodontic reasons account for 21.7%. No significant differences have been
observed between males and females,or between the right and left side of the
jaws. Yet, extractions of all tooth types in the upper jaw have been more frequent
than those in the lower jaw, with the exception of first molars.
يهدف البحث إل رصد مستويات الرصاص في نوعين من النباتات في منطقة دمشق حيث يعتبر النبات مشعراً حيوياً للتلوث بالرصاص
تعتبر عملية التحقق من جودة الغذاء من العمليات المفتاحية المهمة والضرورية في الصناعة والمراقبة الغذائية .
