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The Contemporary Planning Standards for Preparing Sustainable Master Plans of Cities Case study: Lattakia-Syria

المعايير التخطيطية المعاصرة لإعداد المخططات التنظيمية المستدامة للمدن " دراسة حالة مدينة اللاذقية في سورية"

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The Master Plans are one of the main tools for sustainable urban development to counter the effects of growing urbanization in the cities. But, at the same time, the process of its preparing is the challenge to those concerned, especially in the absence of standards that embody the principles of urban sustainable. So, research started from the issue of developing contemporary standards for preparing a sustainable master plan that achieves the terms of Sustainability, and it adopted a reference study about the terminology and theoretical concepts related to sustainable urban development, principles and sustainable master plan and its objectives and areas of work. It adopted the International Planning Standards adopted by various countries and international organizations specialized in preparing Master Plans that contribute in creating more sustainable cities. In the case of Latakia, it was found that the Master Plan, which was prepared in 2008 according to the Proposed Schematic Program for land uses, achieves only (51%) of the conditions of sustainability; this figure does not meet the needs of Lattakia in the short term and long term; it is also clear that the administrative side of the planning operation is the main reasons that led to the unsuccessful master plan; in other words, the work, according to the traditional planning standards and the limited laws and legislations, is not enough, but must be accompanied by action planning and contemporary administrative standards based on urban sustainability.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة المعايير التخطيطية المعاصرة لإعداد المخططات التنظيمية المستدامة للمدن، مع التركيز على حالة مدينة اللاذقية في سوريا. يوضح البحث أهمية المخططات التنظيمية كأداة للتنمية الحضرية المستدامة، ويشير إلى التحديات التي تواجه إعدادها في ظل غياب المعايير التي تجسد مبادئ الاستدامة الحضرية. انطلق البحث من دراسة مرجعية حول المصطلحات والمفاهيم النظرية المتعلقة بالتنمية الحضرية المستدامة، والمخطط التنظيمي المستدام وأهدافه ومجالات عمله، وكذلك المعايير التخطيطية العالمية المعتمدة. تم تقييم المخطط التنظيمي لمدينة اللاذقية الذي أُعد في عام 2008، وتبين أنه يحقق فقط 51% من شروط الاستدامة، مما لا يلبي احتياجات المدينة على الأمدين القصير والبعيد. أظهرت الدراسة أن الجانب الإداري للعملية التخطيطية هو من أهم الأسباب التي أدت إلى إنتاج مخطط تنظيمي غير قابل للتصديق، وأكدت على ضرورة تطوير معايير تخطيطية وإدارية معاصرة مستندة إلى مبادئ الاستدامة الحضرية. خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات، منها تفعيل العمل وفق مبادئ وسياسات التنمية الحضرية المستدامة، واعتماد معايير الاستدامة في عملية إعداد سياسات البرنامج التخطيطي، وتفعيل التنمية الزراعية كقطاع رديف للتنمية السياحية، وضرورة وجود هياكل إدارية وتخطيطية ذات خبرة بعملية التنمية الحضرية المستدامة.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الدراسة خطوة هامة نحو فهم وتطوير التخطيط الحضري المستدام في المدن السورية، وخاصة مدينة اللاذقية. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تعزز من قوة الدراسة. أولاً، كان من المفيد تضمين دراسات مقارنة مع مدن أخرى في المنطقة التي تواجه تحديات مشابهة، مما قد يوفر رؤى إضافية وحلول مبتكرة. ثانياً، بالرغم من التركيز على الجانب الإداري، إلا أن الدراسة لم تتناول بشكل كافٍ كيفية تحسين الكفاءات الإدارية والتخطيطية من خلال التدريب أو التعاون الدولي. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تحليلاً اقتصادياً مفصلاً لتكاليف وفوائد تطبيق معايير الاستدامة. أخيراً، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم نماذج تطبيقية أو دراسات حالة ناجحة من دول أخرى كأمثلة يمكن الاقتداء بها.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي النسبة التي يحققها المخطط التنظيمي لمدينة اللاذقية من شروط الاستدامة؟

    يحقق المخطط التنظيمي لمدينة اللاذقية الذي أُعد في عام 2008 فقط 51% من شروط الاستدامة.

  2. ما هي الأسباب الرئيسية التي أدت إلى إنتاج مخطط تنظيمي غير قابل للتصديق في مدينة اللاذقية؟

    من أهم الأسباب هو الجانب الإداري للعملية التخطيطية، والعمل وفق المعايير التخطيطية التقليدية والقوانين والتشريعات المحدودة.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين عملية إعداد المخططات التنظيمية في مدينة اللاذقية؟

    توصيات الدراسة تشمل تفعيل العمل وفق مبادئ وسياسات التنمية الحضرية المستدامة، واعتماد معايير الاستدامة في عملية إعداد سياسات البرنامج التخطيطي، وتفعيل التنمية الزراعية كقطاع رديف للتنمية السياحية، وضرورة وجود هياكل إدارية وتخطيطية ذات خبرة بعملية التنمية الحضرية المستدامة.

  4. ما هي أهمية المخططات التنظيمية وفق الدراسة؟

    المخططات التنظيمية تعتبر أداة هامة للتنمية الحضرية المستدامة، حيث تساعد في مواجهة آثار التحضر المتزايدة على المدن وتوجيه التنمية على أرض الواقع.


References used
AlSHUWAIKHAT،H .Developing Spatial Urban Planning Guidance for Achieving Sustainable Urban Development. GBER Vol. 5 No. 3 ،King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals، 2006، 51- 66p
Angelo Planning Group (APG(.City of Redmond- Urban Holding Area Master Planning Requirements and Approval Process. Sera، Community Development Department، Prepared by: Angelo Planning Group، Portland، 2006،75p
BICKEL.P .Sustainable Mobility, policy Measures and Assessment (SUMMA)- Setting the Context for Defining Sustainable Transport and Mobility. Final version 2.0, European Commission – Directorate General for Energy and Transport, 2003
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