Detection of occupations in texts is relevant for a range of important application scenarios, like competitive intelligence, sociodemographic analysis, legal NLP or health-related occupational data mining. Despite the importance and heterogeneous dat
a types that mention occupations, text mining efforts to recognize them have been limited. This is due to the lack of clear annotation guidelines and high-quality Gold Standard corpora. Social media data can be regarded as a relevant source of information for real-time monitoring of at-risk occupational groups in the context of pandemics like the COVID-19 one, facilitating intervention strategies for occupations in direct contact with infectious agents or affected by mental health issues. To evaluate current NLP methods and to generate resources, we have organized the ProfNER track at SMM4H 2021, providing ProfNER participants with a Gold Standard corpus of manually annotated tweets (human IAA of 0.919) following annotation guidelines available in Spanish and English, an occupation gazetteer, a machine-translated version of tweets, and FastText embeddings. Out of 35 registered teams, 11 submitted a total of 27 runs. Best-performing participants built systems based on recent NLP technologies (e.g. transformers) and achieved 0.93 F-score in Text Classification and 0.839 in Named Entity Recognition. Corpus: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309356
In this paper, we present a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) Sentence difficulty classifier, which predicts the difficulty of sentences for language learners using either the CEFR proficiency levels or the binary classification as simple or complex. We c
ompare the use of sentence embeddings of different kinds (fastText, mBERT , XLM-R and Arabic-BERT), as well as traditional language features such as POS tags, dependency trees, readability scores and frequency lists for language learners. Our best results have been achieved using fined-tuned Arabic-BERT. The accuracy of our 3-way CEFR classification is F-1 of 0.80 and 0.75 for Arabic-Bert and XLM-R classification respectively and 0.71 Spearman correlation for regression. Our binary difficulty classifier reaches F-1 0.94 and F-1 0.98 for sentence-pair semantic similarity classifier.
Arabic is the official language of 22 countries, spoken by more than 400 million speakers. Each one of this country use at least on dialect for daily life conversation. Then, Arabic has at least 22 dialects. Each dialect can be written in Arabic or A
rabizi Scripts. The most recent researches focus on constructing a language model and a training corpus for each dialect, in each script. Following this technique means constructing 46 different resources (by including the Modern Standard Arabic, MSA) for handling only one language. In this paper, we extract ONE corpus, and we propose ONE algorithm to automatically construct ONE training corpus using ONE classification model architecture for sentiment analysis MSA and different dialects. After manually reviewing the training corpus, the obtained results outperform all the research literature results for the targeted test corpora.
The search deals with an analytical Study of the Standard of living of the Syrian Citizens. First, the Research aims to study the Standard of living for the period before the war on Syria which extended between years 2000-2010. Then it deals with the
living standard after year 2011 through the study of several indications such as: cost of living, income distribution, family budget and analysis the reasons that led to the deterioration of the standard of living either those relating to the circumstances of war as the loss the government of the most important of financial resources represents in the petroleum Wells, or those related to the exchange rate. The research also aims to analyze and evaluation of the Government measures to face the deterioration from two points of view; one believes the success of the government giving its supports, other believes the fail of the government giving its supports too.
Also, the Search aims to study the social reflection of the low standard of living related to increase of crime rates or the low level of education.
Finally, the study provided a set of proposals that help in improving the standard of living, some of them are related to the mechanism of meeting the needs of the Syrian citizen from the basic provisions, while others related to the mechanism of managing the monetary market and exchange.
The Search depended upon the Statistical analysis systematic in the study.
The Study reached to set of results the most of connected to the low of the actual monetary income with about 88% and the low of living level by which 85% of people under the level of poverty and this due to several reasons some of which related the Exchange rate and others related the government failure to control the prices.
Language is one means of communication that has the most significant role in enhancing
humans' life and their relation with their environment alongside their relations with the
society in which they were born and raised. Language has always been th
e product of this
society on whose progress and regress have an impact upon it. It is well-known that
standard Arabic is the official language with its accurate grammar and vocabulary moving
from the ancestor to the descendant. However, it very often may be difficult to apply or
have access to for most people regardless of their cultural qualifications. It is also difficult
for this language to convey or transfer reality as clear as it is or to express how easy and
spontaneous life is to all people. Since the phenomenon of vernacular language alongside
standard language is a linguistic one all over the world, thus the necessity in the Arabic
novel in general and countryside in particular emerged to have an in-between third
language that is neither standard nor vernacular. This novel language is to be capable of
bringing the standard closer to daily life and ending up with one form of dialogue that
provides characters with their psychological and social traits; a tacit language for all
different cultural and scientific levels of readers and their social status. Also, this language
will help the text express the human emotions that emerge subconsciously for the standard
one is incapable of doing so. Needless to say, standard Arabic was one day a vernacular
with different dialects expressed through words like "language" and "tongue." Allah said:
("We have not sent but a messenger to represent his nation and clarify the truth to them.
For, God guide and misguide whomsoever thus He is the Noble and Wise").
The study shows the factors affecting rain precipitation, general
rate and annual, monthly and daily changes by calculating the
standard deviation and the annual fluctuation. The standard
deviation from the general average shows large values in th
e
stations located in the north of the study area. Stations in the
center and south, because of the nature of the dry climate, as well
as that the increase in the number of rainy days does not
necessarily mean an increase in the amount of precipitation, and a
difference in the amount of rainfall from one station to another
because of the difference in climatic factors affecting them .
The research aims to study the psychometric properties of the
standard progressive matrices Test (SPM) to Raven in the Syrian
environment. through using varied methods in studying the Test
validity and reliability, and through the application of the Test on a
sample of first cycle Students in Basic education in Damascus City.
In this study, a simulation of the MTR-22MW reactor and a study
of standard and mixed fuel combustion using the Codes GETERA
and MCNP5.
The Results of the simulation showed that the operation time of the
reactor in the case of standard fuel is 274 days and if the use of
mixed fuel is 135 days.
The effective differential cross-section of the studied interaction was calculated within and outside the standard model. radiative corrections resulting from the introduction of scalar (S), pseudo scalar (P) and tensor (T) components into amplitude
of interaction were calculated in two deferent ways. It show that it is only related with square of coupling constants, . The study discussed the durability of the standard model to expand the amplitude of elastic scattering of neutrino on the electron, using the experimental values of the newly obtained coupling constants from the TEXONO, LSND experiments.
Routing protocols play an essential role in meeting the quality of service
requirements in the network, but achieving these requirements may require frequent send
and receive operations to build and maintain routing tables, which consume sensors
r
esource If we take into consideration the limitations of wireless sensor networks in terms
of the amount of available energy and storage capacity.
In this research a performance comparison of the on-demand Distance Vector
Routing protocol AODV and Hierarchical Routing protocolHR was carried out in terms of
the packet delivery and loose rate, delay and jitter, and the amount of expended energy in
the Wireless sensor network operates according to IEEE802.15.4 standard in cases where
some of sensors get out of work for limited periods of time.
The results showed that the hierarchical routing protocols perform better in terms of
delay time and transfer rate and the amount of consumed energy than on-demand Distance
Vector Routing protocol routing protocol, but suffer larger packet loss due to routing path
corruption as a result of sensors crashes.
