Effect of Salinity and Radiation on Regeneration of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Callus In vitro

Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced regeneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control (6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height, number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants. Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological markers for in vitro salt tolerance .

Effect of media culture composition on In Vitro germination and growth of seeds of Heliotropium hirsutissimum Grauer

The effect of different culture medias (water, MS solid, MS 1/2 solid) on germination and growth of heliotropiun hirsutissimum Grauer. in vitro was studied with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.001-0.01-0.1 and 1 mg/l). The results showed that best germination rate (80.5%) and root (20mm) and shoot (35mm) growth were obtained in MS solid medium with 0.1mg/l GA3. Addition of 0.1mg/l GA3 to MS1/2 solid medium improved germination rate (75.44%), root (19mm), and shoot (24mm)growth. When GA3 (0.1 mg/l) was added to water medium, germination rate reached (65.33%), as well as root and shoot growth (12.66mm and20mm) alternatively after 2 weeks of planting. Seedling of MS solid medium were transferred into pots contained torp medium to adapting them with outside environment, and then surviving their growth until maturity after 4 weeks.

Effect of Several Factors on Micrografting of Navel Orange Using Different Rootstocks

The research was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University/ Syria, with the help of Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Latakia during 2013 and 2014 seasons. Three rootstocks were used i.e. Sour orange, citrumelo and troyer citrange, to study some factors affecting the success of micrografting technique (concentrations and periods of sterilization, rootstock, shoot tip size, type of nutritive medium and the grafting method). The nutritive medium was prepared, and the shoot tips was isolated from Navel orange source, then the micrografting was done for the three rootstocks.

Effect of various formulation factors on spreadability and release properties of caffeine from carbopol gels

The objective of this study was to prepare acceptable carbopol gels and to evaluate the factors influencing the spreadability and release properties of a model hydrophilic compound (caffeine). Results were analyzed statistically using student t-test. The gels were transparent at 1 and at 2% caffeine (with alcohol). Spreadability was decreased when carbopol was increased and when caffeine quantity was changed (except at 2% carbopol). Spreadability was affected statistically with change of cosolvent. Released caffeine quantity (%) was increased with decreasing of carbopol quantity and increasing of caffeine quantity introduced in the formula. Total caffeine quantity (%) was decreased with alcohol presence. Caffeine release followed Higuchi pattern, e.g. diffusion was the principal mechanism of caffeine release from these formulas.

In vitro screening of some locally selected potato lines for water stress tolerance

Nineteen locally selected potato lines were screened for water stress tolerance by measuring the growth parameters in vitro. The stress was achieved by adding 4% of sorbitol to the growth medium. Plant height and diameter, leaf area, number, length and diameter of roots and plant fresh and dry weight were measured. The results showed a difference in the response of the studied lines to water stress, cluster analysis, based on the sum of all growth parameters relative values of the lines showed that the lines were divided into three groups according to water stress tolerance: The tolerant group, the moderate tolerant group and the sensitive group. The results indicated the possibility to use the in vitro method to screen the potato lines for water stress tolerance.

Study the effect of some growth regulators and number of subcultures on micropropagation of medicinal plant Ziziphora canescens Benth

Ziziphora canescens is a species of important medicinal plants in Syria due to its medicinal properties as antibiotic, flavors and spices in various foods. This plant is important, especially in folk medicine in some areas (Kalamoon) on the one hand, and retreat of its spread which may lead eventually to its extinction on the other hand, so a protocol for rapid micropropagation has been developing by using lateral and apical buds on nutrient media MS supplemented with different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators.

A study of Some Factors Affecting the Vegetative Micropropagation of Ornamental Viburnum Bush (Viburnum Tinus L.)

This study was conducted during 2012-2013 in order to efficiently micropropagate viburnum (Viburnum tinus) bushes using tissue culture techniques. The shoots were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 gl-1 sucrose, 7 gl-1 agar - agar, citric acid as an anti-oxidant (300 mgl-1), and different concentrations of benzyl amino purine and Naphthalene Acetic Acid. A media of Murashige and Skoog was used for laboratory rooting after reducing the major mineral elements to the half, reducing the sucrose to 20 gl-1, and addingindole-3-butyric acid (IBA) of different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mgl-1). The results showed that it is necessary to have auxin and cytokinin in culture to improve the value of open buds and the number of shoots per initial explants. The concentrations 0.25 mgl-1 from NAA with 1 mgl-1 from BAP gave the highest value of open buds (93.33%) and the maximum number of shoot per initial explants (1.57). To improve the number and length of the shoots produced, the solution mineral (MS) was replaced with another: media woody plants (WPM) which gave better elongation for the resulting growths (3.21 cm) and a better number of shoots (2.72 Growth/explant) compared to the media (MS) using the same compatibility hormone (0.25 mgl-1 of NAA and 1 mgl-1 of BAP). The results also show that the highest percentage of rooting reached (84.44%) with (0.5 mgl-1) IBA which was better than (1.5 mgl-1) IBA and better than the treatment of the control. Results also showed that the best medium for the length and number of roots formed was (2.7cm, 3.82root) when the concentration was (0.5 mgl-1) surpassing the control. The success rate of the acclimatization of the resulting laboratory plantlets under glasshouse conditions reached (73.33%) one month and a half after the transplanting.

Study the effects of some plant growth regulators on multiplication and rooting in vitro of (Ceartonia siliqua L.)

This research was conducated on Ceratonia siliqua L. in vitro to study the effect of some growth regulators in both multiplication and rooting stage. And determine the best concentrations wich lead the highest rate of multiplication (interms of number of shoots and length), and the best rooting (interms of percentage of rooting, number of roots and length).

Molecular and morphological characterization of some wild types of golden henbane (Hyoscyamus aureus) In Vitro

This research was conducted to detect the morphological and molecular differences between golden henbane (Hyoscyamus aureus L) collected from south Syria. Seeds were collected from six locations, then sterilized and grown In Vitro. Grown plants were described for some morphological characters. The molecular characterization was carried out using the method of Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) to detect genetic variations. The plants showed significant (p<0.01) morphological differences among studied locations, Plant height ranged from 14.97 to 18.97 cm and stem color ranged from red to green. Trichome density also ranged between medium, high and very high. Furthermore, significant differences in leaves dimensions were observed according to the plant geographical location. The main root length ranged from 6.09 to 8.37 cm. Molecular analysis by ISSR produced a total of 56 bands, 49 of which were polymorphic (87.5%), resulted from using 11 non-specific primers. A genetic distance dendrogram was drawn. based on the results of genetic characterization of plant from different locations. The plants collected from Salkhad separated with a genetic distance of 0.312 while the plants collected from other locations were grouped together, at the same time, they were divided into two sub groups, the first group comprised plants collected from Qalamoun and Dimas regions with a genetic distance of 0.032, whereas sub group II content Bosra plants which separated clearly from those of Dara' dam and Wadi Al-Zaidi by a genetic distance of 0.017, These results may indicate a relationship between genetic characters of this plant species with geographic distribution.

Effect of In vitro maturation, fertilization and culture media on bovine embryo production

This study was conducted at the biotechnology laboratory of AnimalWealth Research Administration, General Commission for Agricultural Research in order to compare the effect of different media on In vitro maturation (oocytes matured at 39 C° under 5% CO2 for 24 h), fertilization، and culture (7 days postfertilization) in humidified atmosphere 95% on bovine embryo production.