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Register a new userEffect of Salinity and Radiation on Regeneration of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Callus In vitro
تأثير الملوحة و التشعيع في إخلاف صنفين من البطاطا (Solanum tuberosum L.) من الكالّس خارج الجسم الحي
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المجلة السورية للبحوث الزراعية ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2018
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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نفذت تجارب لدراسة تأثير التشعيع و مستويات ملحية مختلفة في إخلاف النباتات من كالّس صنفي البطاطا Riviera و Burren خارج الجسم الحي. أظهرت النتائج فعالية التشعيع في تحفيز إخلاف النباتات من كالّس الصنف Riviera النامي في المستوى الملحي (dS m-1 10) و كالّس الصنف Burren النامي في المستويين الملحيين (8 and 12 dS m-1)، و لغرض التأكد من توريث صفة التحمل للملوحة للسلالات الخضرية المنتخبة. ’درس سلوك السلالات الطافرة المستحدثة من الكالّس المتحمل للملوحة (النامية في الأوساط الملـحي8, 10 and 12 dS m-1 ) و غير المتحمل للملوحة (التي تم إخلافها من كالّس الأفرع غير المشععة و النامية في الوسط الملحي ( dS m-16) فضلا عن الصنفين Riviera و Burren عن طريق تعريض النباتات إلى ظروف الإجهاد الملحي، و مقارنتها مع تلك النامية في معاملة المقارنة (dS m-1 6). أظهرت النتائج بأن أقل نسبة مئوية للانخفاض في ارتفاع النبات و عدد العقد على النبات و تكوين الدرينات كانت في السلالات الطافرة و المستحدثة من الكالّس المتحمل للملوحة. لذلك يمكن اعتماد ارتفاع النبات و عدد العقد/نبات كمعيار انتخابي لصفة التحمل للملوحة خارج الجسم الحي.
Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced regeneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control (6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height, number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants. Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological markers for in vitro salt tolerance .
References used
Ahloowalia, B. S. (1997). In vitro selection of mutants. In: Somaclonal variation and mutagenesis in plant improvement and in vitro selection of mutants. 15th IAEA/FAO Interregional Training Course on Advances in Technologies for Induced Mutation in Crops. Siebersdorf, Vienna, Austria. 1-6
Al-Hatab, Z.; W. Quadhy; and D. Al-Ani (1992). Chromosomal changes of irradiated hexaploid whe�- at calli. Pp.465- 469. First Arab Conference on The Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 23-rd Feb 1992, Tripoli, Libya
Azami, M.A.; M. Torabi; and F. Shekari (2010). Response of some tomato cultivars to sodium chloride stress under in vitro culture condition. Afr j Agric Res., 5(18):2589- 2592
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Marfona cultivar were chemical mutagen using 20, 30 and 40 mM of Ethyl Methane
Sulphonate (EMS) for 2, 3, 4 hrs in 2013. was conducted to improve potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) tolerance to salinity. Plants Marfona mutagen from M5 and unmutagen were
cultured with Spunta and Falouka Cvs in 2015. Plants were later subjected to another
selection pressure, by irrigating them using water containing Nacl between 0-200 mM The
results showed that the gradual increase in Nacl concentrations caused a significant gradual
decreases in most vegetative, yield and its component characteristics. Mutant plants varied
with unmutant for Marfona, Spunta and Falouka in plant height varied from 68 to 41 cm
and number leaves varied from 21 to 12 leaf. and stem diameter varied from 1.349 to 0.370
cm and leaf area varied from 235 to 84 cm2. However, produced tubers number varied
from 9.3 to 2.8 and weight them from 740 to 155 grams and tuber weight from 75.2 to 24.6
grams.
The results also showed variations in the extent of tolerance between studied
treatments to salinity stress where 4T3P2 treatment was the most tolerant.
The research was carried out in the fields of Akar plain in Tartous
province during two seasons (2013, 2014) to study the effect the three
multiplication methods (Slips as control, Seedling, Cut-seed tuber) on
growth and yield of two locally sprea
d sweet potato varieties. The
experimental design was a randomized complete block with three
replications. Data were analyzed using the statistical program GenStat 12.
This investigation was carried out at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department
of Horticulture, University of Mosul, Iraq during 2012-2014) on Catharanthus
roseus Variety; Nirvana Pink Blush, which is one of the important medicinal
plant, containing
a group of alkaloids. Parts of leaves, nodes, and internodes were
cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA for callus initiation, data were
taken after 28-day results refer that highest weight of callus; 0.612g, 0.639g ,0.835g
were obtained from cultivated parts of leaves, nodes and internodes on MS medium
supplemented with 1.0mg/l NAA respectively. Callus was initiated and cultured
using parts of leaves, nodes and internodes on MS medium supplemented with BA
and 1.0 mg/l of NAA, after 50 days.
The study was carried out at Tishreen University nursery during the spring of 2015
in order to evaluate the effect of the bio-fertilizer EMI on the growth and production of
Sponta Potato Solanum tuberosum. Four treatments were used as follows: cont
rol, with
water irrigation, spraying and irrigation, spraying.
The results showed that the use of bio-fertilizer EMI improved the growth of plants,
so the surface foliage, foliage index and plant height were increased significantly
comparing with the control.
The results also showed that the spraying and irrigation treatment was the best with a
tuber average weight of 117.7 g/tube obverse (102.7, 115, 109 g/tuber), and a yield of
5864 kg/d obverse (4151, 5569, 5398 kg/d) for treatment (control, water irrigation,
spraying).
This study was conducted at Abo Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University In order to determine the response of three local varieties
of potato (Sponta, Draja, Diamont) to salinity stress with different
concentration of NaCl solutio
n (0,50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The results indicated
that the existence of a inverse correlation between increased concentrations of
salts in the solution and the rate of plant height, leaf area, and the percentage of
leaf dry weight, and the proportion K+/ Na+., and the productivity was declined
with a proportional rate 22< 32, and 48% for the varieties of Sponta, Draja,
Diamont, respectively. Results indicated the existence of reverse relationship
between increasing salt concentration in the medium and plant height, Leaf
area, dry weight of the leaves and K+/Na+ ration in addition to the decline in the
productivity of studied varieties. The results also showed variations in the
extent of tolerance between studied varieties to salinity stress where Sponta
was the most tolerant, followed by Draja and Diamont was the less tolerant and
this was reflected in terms of higher germination and increasing the mean of
plant height, Leaf area and dry weight of plant.
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