This study aims to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals that are present in the crude oil and in liquid waste of the crude oil desalting unit .The extraction method (liquid-solid) is used for concentrating and extraction these compounds
from the
saltwater samples .Samples were collected from the unit’s discharging points and from the subsequent treatment stages .A suitable analytical method was used to extract these metals
from both of crude oil and the oil refineries᾿ liquid wastes.
The objective of this study is to observe the fate of these wastes from the discharging points of desalting unit and through physical – chemical – biological treatment stages and dawn to the receiving water (Mediterranean sea). The results showed that Syrian crude oil contains a combination of heavy metals which includes : (Vanadium – Nickel – Iron – Zinc – Manganese – Copper – Cadmium – Lead - Chromium and Cobalt) .Vanadium showed the highest concentration followed by Nickel and Iron subsequently ,the total efficiency of the treatment plant achieved the following efficiencies : 41.06% (Vanadium), 44.92% (Nickel) and 39.34% ( Iron) ,then the concentration of these discharges where compared with those in marine system to show the possible adverse effects of these compounds on the surrounding biosphere.
This research was performed to study the effect of sewage water on
the surface water of the Addelbeh Valley stream, and groundwater
on both sides of the stream in Tartous Cement Factory area.
Water samples were taken from the factory water outlet
and
Addelbeh Valley water to study the content of pollutants. We also
took groundwater samples from selected wells on both sides of the
waterway in the studied area. We repeated that process every two
months for a full hydrological cycle from July 2013 to May 2014.
We found a great increase in content of the industrial drainage
water include oils and heavy metals especially iron, copper and
zinc. For example: iron concentration in sewage water exceeded
150 mg/l in all samples. Besides sewage water and stream water
contained high concentrations of ammonia and nitrite versus low
concentration of nitrate, unlike water wells samples. The study
revealed increased EC and salts concentration markedly in wells
water due to its adjacency to the sea.
The study was carried out to remove of heavy metals (V+5, Ni+2)
under static conditions from aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite
mineral extracted from south of Syria. The results revealed that
operational conditions such as initial solution pH and concentration,
adsorbent particle size, the presence of competing cations, are able
to affect the adsorption capacity and efficiency of natural zeolite.
The study was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Pb+2, Zn+2) under static
conditions from single- and multicomponent aqueous solutions by Syrian Zeolite mineral
extracted from south Syria. The removal has an ion-exchange nature and consis
ts of three
stages: the adsorption on the surface of microcrystals, the inversion stage, and the
moderate adsorption in the interior of the microcrystal, The study showed that equilibrium
time is 6 hours, and The slight difference between adsorption capacity of the Zeolite
toward lead, zinc from single- and multicomponent solutions may testify to individual
sorption centers of the zeolite for each metal. The maximum sorption capacity toward pb2+
is determined as 33.89 mg/g at an equilibrium concentration of 261.07 mg/L and toward
Zn+2 as 29.18 mg/g at 309.818 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms
were used to evaluate natural zeolite adsorption performance for Lead, Zinc. These
Isotherms were able to provide suitable fit with experimental data, the factor R2 ranged
between 0.95 – 0.99, with better fit to Langmuir Isotherm.
Heavy metals determination was carried out in ٢٤ of vegetable crops, belong
to three groups, i.e.: Leaf, Fruit and Tuber vegetable crops. Lead, Chromium,
Cadmium and Mercury, were determined using Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy provided with Graph
ite furnace. Vegetable samples were
collected from six sites along the irrigation water source for Barada and
Ghouta for two seasons, ٩٥-٩٦ and ٩٦-٩٧, to evaluate the effect of water source
(surface polluted water and ground water) on the heavy metals content of
vegetables.
This research aims to:
Determination of optimal pH values to reach the highest
efficiency of chromium removal in industrial wastewater from
tanneries by chemical deposition.
Access to close concentration of the permitted
concentration of chromium in treated tannery wastewater
according to Syrian Standard No. 2580/2002 (Table 1).
This research was aimed to assess the pollution from Tartous Cement Factory of
some heavy metal by using of the bark of olive trees and Lichens as Bio-indicators. The
olive trees was chosen as that predominant vegetation type in the study area. Bar
k samples
of olive trees and the lichens were collected from several villages surrounding the Cement
Factory at different distances (1-2-3-4-5-6-7) km from the center of the Cement Factory in
the eastern and north-eastern region of the Cement plant (where the prevailing winds in the
region is western and southern Western).
The results showed that the concentration of heavy elements in the bark of olive trees
and lichens (ppm) take the same trend even thought there are differences in concentration
between them by the overall average for all sites was as follows: iron > manganese >
copper > lead. We note the high concentration of iron in bark of olive trees compared to
lichens, but the rest of the elements it was statistically identical. The results also showed a
significant correlation between the concentrations of manganese element in each of the
bark and Lichens, and the existence of a negative correlation between the concentration of
manganese and distance for both Lichens and bark. Concerning the altitude above sea level
the results showed existence of significant and negative correlation with all of Iron,
Manganese and Lead in Lichens.
Fixed bed adsorption columns packed with natural zeolite were used to study the
kinetics of heavy metals removal from the single component solutions of Vanadium, Nikle,
Zinc, and Lead. The system parameters studied include solution flow rate and be
d height.
The effect of competing cations was also studied to establish the effectiveness of natural
zeolite in treating Industrial wastewater under continuous conditions using fixed bed
columns. The metal loaded natural zeolite was regenerated using NaCl . The results from
column studies showed that the Slower flow rates gave better removal efficiencies
compared to faster ones, Longer bed heights also resulted in greater adsorption
efficiencies. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was successfully used to simulate
experimental results at 30 % breakthrough. This model provides the necessary parameters
needed for fixed bed column design, the factor R2 ranged between 0.91 – 0.95. Natural
zeolite was exposed to 3 cycles of adsorption and desorption. The efficiency of the column
in removing heavy metals was high, The results indicate that natural zeolite can be
regenerated and re-used in removing heavy metals from solution.
This study determined total quantity and exchangeable form
concentration of zinc and lead in the agricultural soils in the Banias
region. Soil samples collected from five sites from the north-east of the
thermal station.
An experiment was conducted for two seasons 2015 -2016, to study the effect
of treated waste water (TWW) on some fodder crops productivity at Salamieh
Research Center (GCSAR), on triticale and sesbania crops within crop rotation. This
experiment w
as conducted with collaboration between (ACSAD) and (GCSAR).
The experimental design was split plot design with three replicates, using drip
irrigation (DI) and surface irrigation (SI) systems with two treatments namely fresh
water (FW) and (TWW). Soil and water were analyzed before cultivation.
