Alsin Spring is the most important water sources in Syrian coastal area, due to it is the source of drinking water for the main cities and towns in the Syrian coast. This research aimed to study some contaminant indicators in Alsin spring and some t
aps of distribution system of Alsin drinking water, and compare the Indicators with samples of bottled drinking water from Alsin spring and three other water sources (Drekish, Bukkeen, and Alfigeh). The study included determining the concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and some heavy metals including lead, cadmium and nickel in water samples. The results showed that all water sources contain varying concentrations of lead, while the nickel and cadmium were vary in drinking water samples; The concentrations of nickel and cadmium in some samples were low while were under the detection limits in other samples. The analysis of samples of bottled drinking water showed that the samples from Alfigeh spring were the lesser contamination with heavy metals, while the samples from Alsin spring were contain highest concentrations of lead and nickel. The samples of bottled water from Bukkeen spring contain the highest level of cadmium. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals differ depending on the water source. However, all these concentrations were lower and within the acceptable limits of Syrian standard for drinking water. The study concluded that water resources in the coastal area are distinguished with their higher pure.
Objective:
Evaluate sensitivity and specificity of nitrite test to urine culture(gold standard) for
diagnosing urinary tract infection in patients with sickle cell anemia with urinary
symptoms and signs.
Methods:
The study sample included 79 chi
ldren aged 2 to 14 years with SCA presenting with
fever (temperature >38°C),abdominal pain, urgency, dysuria or increased urinary
frequency who referral to the general pediatric clinic and the children's ambulance
department in Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia during( 2016-2017).
Midstream urine specimen was collected from children. Samples were subjected to nitrite
test, culture and sensitivity.
Results :
There was significant bacteriuria in 17 (21.5%) children with SCA. A positive test
for nitrite was obtained in 12 of the 17(70.5%) children. The nitrite test has a specificity of
95.2% in detecting bacteriuria, a sensitivity of 70.6%, a positive predictive value of 80%
and a negative predictive value of 92%. A positive nitrite test was significantly associated
with bacteriuria, while a negative test was also significantly associated with an absence of
bacteriuria.
