Detection of fungi on (seeds; seedlings root's and soils) of cypressand pinespecies (brutia; canary and stone) in forest nursery

In this study a total of /14/ fungal genera have been isolated from seeds; seedlings roots and soilsofCypress and Pine species (brutia; canary and stone) samples brought from Hinnade's nursery, and it were: Alternaria; Rhizoctoni; Fusarium; Chaetomium; Mucor; Phythophtora; Rhizopus; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Cladosporium; Saccharomyces; Sordaria; Pytiumand Trichoderma. The first 12 genera were isolated from seeds. Alternaria andFusarium appeared on alldifferent types of plants with the highest frequency of the first genus 23.3% and 36.6% of the second one on cypress. The first 5 genera were isolated from seedlings roots in addition to genus Pythium. And also the Genus Fusariumwas frequented on all study types with high frequencies reached to 58.5%onbrutia.The genusRhizoctoniawas not isolated from seeds and roots of Cypress while it was isolated from seeds and roots of all species of pine./7/ fungal genera were isolated from seedlings soils three of it (Alternaria,Aspergillus,Fusarium) were isolated from the soils of all species of plants with the highest percentages of the first 68.97% on cypress's soil and 22.22% of the second from stone pine and 35.13%of the genusFusarium from brutia. The highest frequency was for genus Fusarium 35.13% on brutia. The genusPythium was onlyisolated from the seeds and soils of brutia pine.

Associated fungi with seed of Sunflower

A total of /13/ fungal species belonging to /10/ genera have been obtained from nine samples of sunflower seeds. The isolation was on potato dextrose agar media and blotter paper with tow treatments (surface-sterilized seeds- seeds without sterilization). The species were Aspergillus flavus ; A. niger ; A. fumigatus ; ؛Alternaria alternate ; Fusarium solani; F. moniliforme ; Macrophomina phaseolina ; Mucor racemosus ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Rhizopus stolonifer ; Trichotheium rosum ; Rhizoctonia solani and Absidia ramosae . The most prevalent species was Aspergillus flavus with percent frequency 100% and 55-77% for Alternaria alternata. The percentage of seeds germination was between (0-77%) on PDA media and (20-81%) on BP, and it was low in the non-sterile seeds treatment. The moisture content of the seeds was between (7.4-13%), and there is no correlation (R2=0.06) between the percentage of the infected seeds and its moisture content.

Activity of some plant extracts against Alternaria alternata & Fusarium oxysporum and compared with fungicides in vitro

This investigation carried out in 2012-2013,in department of plant protection- Damascus Unv., to study the effect of ethanol and water extracts of Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., in inhibition mycelium growth of fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum and compared with fungicides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) on PDA in the laboratory. The result showed that ethanol extracts of studied species gave significant inhibition to growth fungi compared with the control. The ethanol and water extract of the Allium sativum gave the superior effect inhibition to F. oxysporum where gave 100% inhibition at 600 and 1000 mg/l. at respectively, and gave100% inhibition to A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. Followed with the ethanol extract of Inula viscos. While, the ethanol and water extract of the Melia azedarach gave the lowest inhibition to growth study fungi. Where didn’t gave 100 % inhibition to F. oxysporum and A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. On the other hand, the ethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris gave moderate inhibition to F. oxysporum, while the inhibition of A. alternata was little. The ethanol extract of tested plants gave the superior effect inhibition to both fungi compared with water extracts. On the other hand, the obtained results showed that carbandazim gave the superior inhibition for F. oxysporum ,where gave 100% inhibition at concentration 120 mg/l. While the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the lowest inhibition to F. oxysporum. At contrast, the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the highest inhibition to A. alternata at used concentration. Where cause 100% inhibition at 150 mg/l. On the other hand, Effect of plant extracts and fungicides increased with increase of concentrate. We can arranged the effect of plant extraction at the values (ED50): Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., Therefore we recommended to use the ethanol extract of the Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L. as environment friendly fungicides.

The definition of some fungal isolates from Samples of soil Polluted by olive mill wastewater

The Mediterranean region is world’s leading olive growing area. A large amount of liquid waste results from olive oil extraction these wastewaters have a different effects an environmental . In this study, four fungal isolates from Samples of soil Polluted by olive mill wastewater ,this isolates follow to several types from deuteromycetes, they are follow to this types : Humicola sp., paecilomyces javanicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus. They isolated them on tow media (PDA, CzA) and identify them on colony character ,Biometric and compare them with reference studies.

Detecting And Identification Of Aflatoxinginic Fungi In Shanklish Product Produced In Syria

Eighty randomly sampled shanklish products were collected from different areas in Syria with average weight of 400 g for each sample during the year of 2003 to 2004. The samples were tested for total microflora (Fungi, yeasts and bacteria) and diagnosed for aflatoxigenic fungi which produce Aflatoxin B1and analyzed to determine moisture, salt content and acidity.

Studying the ability of some Amylase producing fungal isolates for the secretion of aflatoxins

Ten isolates of fungi-producing amylase were isolated from six different sources (different kinds of soils - air-spoilage bread) on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Four isolates were identified in Museum of Natural History Paris- France and six isolates were identified in the College of Agriculture, Damascus University. The ability of fungal isolates for secretion aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 was detected by thin layer chromatography technique and the quantity of toxins was determined by using electronic scanner in Syrian Atomic Agency by comparison with similar standard toxins.

The effect of certain fungicides on mycoflora in the bean plant rhizosphere

This study was carried out to determine the effect of fungicides application (carbendazim, benomyl, thiram and tolclofos-methyl) on soil when used at the recommended rates and at duplicated rates on the fungi population in the bean plant rhizosphere. Results showed that tested fungicides caused significant reduction in the fungi population of rhizosphere bean plant when used at the both levels compared with control. The tested fungicides caused various inhibitory effects according to the application rate. However, the duplicated rate caused remarkable reduction in fungi population. This reduction continued 2 or 3 weeks when applied fungicides used at recommended or duplicated rates respectively.

The ability of some local fungal isolates in enzyme lipase production and determine optimal growth conditions for its production By Penisillium devirsum

It wasdetected for the ability of a local fungus A.niger, A.alternata, F.oxysporum, F.solaniandP.devirsum to produce the enzyme lipase in solidmedium including Triputyrin. The enzymic activity of P.devirsum fungus is distinction from other fungus, while the fungus A.alternata failed to produce the lipase. Then they tested quantitatively using a liquid center to determine the best conditions for best growth to fungus P.devirsum and for best produce to enzyme lipase. It indicates that corn oil is the best carbonic source for growth of fungus after 5 days of incubation, as biomass reached(15.99g/L) and effective of lipase (67.43%).And it found that the concentration of 2% of the corn oil has achieved best biomass (17.83g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase effectively(72.78%). Temperature 34 c achieved the highest biomass (18.94g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase (76.16%), and pH =7 was the best for the growth of fungus in biomass reached (21.87g/L) and production of lipase effectively (82.93%). While the nitrogenic source gave peptone biggest value to biomass (27.08 g/L) and highest production for enzyme (88.12%) in optimal conditions reached.

Study of the effect of types Trichoderma In the inhibition of fungi Fusarium oxysporum fragarieae

Fuarium oxysporum fragariae, which effects the strawberry plants in the green house in The Syrian coast, is one of the main problems. The study showed that the rate of infection of it between 12.1 to 17.95%. And the fungus were isolated the fungus from the roots and crowns and soil , while is olation from stolons and leaves was not feasible.

Contribution to Recovery the Antimicrobial Properties of Some Syrian Marine Algae

We screening for antimicrobial substances production from marine algae of Syria. We presented results of ١٦ algal species tested by their lipide and aqueous extracts agaimst Gram’s negative and positive bacteria, as well as one fungous species. The lipide not aqueous extracts were the active against Gram’s positive bacteria especially. No effect founded on the fongous species. In addition we make comparative viewing with other studies on other mediterranean contries regarding the same species of algae tested.